arXiv 0812.35352008-12hep-ph

核子的自旋结构--现状和最新结果

Spin Structure of the Nucleon - Status and Recent Results

S. E. Kuhn, J. -P. Chen, E. Leader

备注：: 69 pages, 46 figures. Report to be published in "Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics". v2 with added references and minor edits
发表信息：: Prog.Part.Nucl.Phys.63:1-50,2009
DOI：: 10.1016/j.ppnp.2009.02.001

摘要：

在20世纪80年代首次发现所谓的“部分子模型中的自旋危机”之后，SLAC，DESY和CERN等实验室收集了大量的深度非弹性轻子-核子散射极化数据。最近，新的高精度数据在大x和共振区已来自实验在杰斐逊实验室。这些数据与先前的数据相结合，使我们能够详细地研究极化部分子密度、自旋结构函数的各种矩对Q^2的依赖性、深度非弹性和共振数据之间的对偶性以及价夸克区的核子结构。结合来自HERMES、RHIC和COMPASS的补充数据，我们可以对味分解和胶子对核子自旋的贡献提出新的限制。在这份报告中，我们提供了我们目前的核子自旋结构的知识的概述，并对未来的实验进行了展望。我们特别着重讨论核子的自旋结构函数g_1和g_2及其矩。

英文摘要：

After the initial discovery of the so-called "spin crisis in the parton model" in the 1980's, a large set of polarization data in deep inelastic lepton-nucleon scattering was collected at labs like SLAC, DESY and CERN. More recently, new high precision data at large x and in the resonance region have come from experiments at Jefferson Lab. These data, in combination with the earlier ones, allow us to study in detail the polarized parton densities, the Q^2 dependence of various moments of spin structure functions, the duality between deep inelastic and resonance data, and the nucleon structure in the valence quark region. Together with complementary data from HERMES, RHIC and COMPASS, we can put new limits on the flavor decomposition and the gluon contribution to the nucleon spin. In this report, we provide an overview of our present knowledge of the nucleon spin structure and give an outlook on future experiments. We focus in particular on the spin structure functions g_1 and g_2 of the nucleon and their moments.

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