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arXiv 0812.2929astro-ph
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关于化石星系群的性质:它们真的是化石吗?

On the Nature of Fossil Galaxy Groups: Are they really fossils ?

F. La Barbera, R. R. de Carvalho, I. G. de la Rosa, G. Sorrentino, R. R. Gal, J. L. Kohl-Moreira

摘要:

我们使用SDSS-DR 4光度和光谱数据红移z~0.1结合ROSAT全天巡天X射线数据,产生25个化石群(FG)的样本,定义为由一个单一的,明亮的椭圆星系与扩展的X射线发射为主的束缚系统。我们研究可能的偏见,通过改变用于定义样本的参数和主要的陷阱进行了讨论。通过V/V_ MAX}检验估计的FG空间密度为2.83 x 10^{-6} h_{75} ^3 Mpc^{-3},其中L_x > 0.89 x 10^42 h_{75} ^-2 erg/s,这与Vikhlinin等人(1999)的结果一致,后者检验了一个X射线过亮椭圆星系样本(OLEG)。我们比较的一般性质的FG在这里确定的样品从同一数据集产生的亮场椭圆。这两个样本在相邻的暗星系密度过剩的分布、颜色-星等图中与红色序列的距离以及结构参数(如$_{4}$和内部颜色梯度)方面没有差异。此外,对恒星星族的研究表明,我们的25个FG与亮场椭圆星系具有相似的年龄、金属丰度和$α$增强,这削弱了这些系统代表发生在高红移时的物理机制化石的观点。我们的研究揭示了FG和场椭圆星系之间没有区别,这表明FG可能不是真正化石的一个独特家族,而是宇宙中大规模组装的最后阶段。

英文摘要:

We use SDSS-DR4 photometric and spectroscopic data out to redshift z~0.1 combined with ROSAT All Sky Survey X-ray data to produce a sample of twenty-five fossil groups (FGs), defined as bound systems dominated by a single, luminous elliptical galaxy with extended X-ray emission. We examine possible biases introduced by varying the parameters used to define the sample and the main pitfalls are discussed. The spatial density of FGs, estimated via the V/V_ MAX} test, is 2.83 x 10^{-6} h_{75}^3 Mpc^{-3} for L_x > 0.89 x 10^42 h_{75}^-2 erg/s consistent with Vikhlinin et al. (1999), who examined an X-ray overluminous elliptical galaxy sample (OLEG). We compare the general properties of FGs identified here with a sample of bright field ellipticals generated from the same dataset. These two samples show no differences in the distribution of neighboring faint galaxy density excess, distance from the red sequence in the color-magnitude diagram, and structural parameters such as a$_{4}$ and internal color gradients. Furthermore, examination of stellar populations shows that our twenty-five FGs have similar ages, metallicities, and $α$-enhancement as the bright field ellipticals, undermining the idea that these systems represent fossils of a physical mechanism that occurred at high redshift. Our study reveals no difference between FGs and field ellipticals, suggesting that FGs might not be a distinct family of true fossils, but rather the final stage of mass assembly in the Universe.

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