Using Dunkl operators, we introduce a continuous family of canonical invariants of finite reflection groups. We verify that the elementary canonical invariants of the symmetric group are deformations of the elementary symmetric polynomials. We also compute the canonical invariants for all dihedral groups as certain hypergeometric functions.
These are lecture notes of a minicourse given by the first author at the Summer School on Quantization at the University of Notre Dame in June 2011. The notes were written up and expanded by the second author who took the liberty of adding a few interesting results and proofs from the literature. In a broad sense, our goal is to give an introduction to representation theory of rational Cherednik algebras and some of its recent applications. More specifically, we focus on the two concepts featuring in the title (Dunkl operators and quasi-invariants) and explain the relation between them. The co…
Dunkl operators for complex reflection groups are defined in this paper. These commuting operators give rise to a parametrized family of deformations of the polynomial De Rham complex. This leads to the study of the polynomial ring as a module over the "rational Cherednik algebra", and a natural contravariant form on this module. In the case of the imprimitive complex reflection groups G(m,p,N), the set of singular parameters in the parameter family of these structures is described explicitly, using the theory of nonsymmetric Jack polynomials.
For a finite reflection subgroup $G\leq O(n+1,1,\mR)$ of the conformal group of the sphere with standard conformal structure $(S^n,[g_0])$, we geometrically derive differential-difference Dunkl version of the series of conformally invariant differential operators with symbols given by powers of Laplace operator. The construction can be regarded as a deformation of the Fefferman-Graham ambient metric construction of GJMS operators.
We introduce braided Dunkl operators that are acting on a q-polynomial algebra and q-commute. Generalizing the approach of Etingof and Ginzburg, we explain the q-commutation phenomenon by constructing braided Cherednik algebras for which the above operators form a representation. We classify all braided Cherednik algebras using the theory of braided doubles developed in our previous paper. Besides ordinary rational Cherednik algebras, our classification gives new algebras attached to an infinite family of subgroups of even elements in complex reflection groups, so that the corresponding braide…
We initiate the study of an algebra of symmetries for the 3D Dirac-Dunkl operator associated with the Weyl group of the exceptional root system $G_2$. For this symmetry algebra, we give both an abstract definition and an explicit realisation. We then construct ladder operators, using an intermediate result we prove for the Dirac-Dunkl symmetry algebra associated with arbitrary finite reflection group acting on a three-dimensional space.
The Dunkl--Dirac operator is a deformation of the Dirac operator by means of Dunkl derivatives. We investigate the symmetry algebra generated by the elements supercommuting with the Dunkl--Dirac operator and its dual symbol. This symmetry algebra is realised inside the tensor product of a Clifford algebra and a rational Cherednik algebra associated with a reflection group or root system. For reducible root systems of rank three, we determine all the irreducible finite-dimensional representations and conditions for unitarity. Polynomial solutions of the Dunkl--Dirac equation are given as a real…
The double dihedral Dunkl total angular momentum algebra
Clifford Research Group, Department of Electronics and Information Systems, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Ghent University(根特大学工程与建筑学院电子信息系统系克利福德研究组);Forward College(福沃德学院);Department of Applied Mathematics, Computer Science and Statistics, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University(根特大学理学院应用数学、计算机科学和统计系);Hausdorff Center for Mathematics(豪斯多夫数学中心)
For a finite dimensional representation $V$ of a finite reflection group $W$, we consider the rational Cherednik algebra $\mathsf{H}_{t,c}(V,W)$ associated with $(V,W)$ at the parameters $t\neq 0$ and $c$. The Dunkl total angular momentum algebra $O_{t,c}(V,W)$ arises as the centraliser algebra of the Lie superalgebra $\mathfrak{osp}(1|2)$ containing a Dunkl deformation of the Dirac operator, inside the tensor product of $\mathsf{H}_{t,c}(V,W)$ and the Clifford algebra generated by $V$. We show that, for every value of the parameter $c$, the centre of $O_{t,c}(V,W)$ is isomorphic to a univaria…
In this paper we prove the existence of the Dunkl weight function $K_{c, λ}$ for any irreducible representation $λ$ of any finite Coxeter group $W$, generalizing previous results of Dunkl. In particular, $K_{c, λ}$ is a family of tempered distributions on the real reflection representation of $W$ taking values in $\text{End}_\mathbb{C}(λ)$, with holomorphic dependence on the complex multi-parameter $c$. When the parameter $c$ is real, the distribution $K_{c, λ}$ provides an integral formula for Cherednik's Gaussian inner product $γ_{c, λ}$ on the Verma module $Δ_c(λ)$ for the rational Cheredni…
In this paper, we pursue the investigations started in \cite{Mas-You} where the authors provide a construction of the Dunkl intertwining operator for a large subset of the set of regular multiplicity values. More precisely, we make concrete the action of this operator on homogeneous polynomials when the root system is of dihedral type and under a mild assumption on the multiplicity function. In particular, we obtain a formula for the corresponding Dunkl kernel and another representation of the generalized Bessel function already derived in \cite{Demni0}. When the multiplicity function is every…
For any finite reflection group $W$ on $\mathbb{R}^{N}$ and any irreducible $W$-module $V$ there is a space of polynomials on $\mathbb{R}^{N}$ with values in $V$. There are Dunkl operators parametrized by a multiplicity function, that is, parameters associated with each conjugacy class of reflections. For certain parameter values, called singular, there are nonconstant polynomials annihilated by each Dunkl operator. There is a Gaussian bilinear form on the polynomials which is positive for an open set of parameter values containing the origin. When $W$ has just one class of reflections and $\d…
We prove a number of results on the structure and representation theory of the rational Cherednik algebra of the imprimitive reflection group $G(\ell,p,n)$. In particular, we: (1) show a relationship to the Coulomb branch construction of Braverman, Finkelberg and Nakajima, and 3-dimensional quantum field theory; (2) show that the spherical Cherednik algebra carries the structure of a principal Galois order; (3) construct a graded lift of category $\mathcal{O}$ and the larger category of Dunkl-Opdam modules, whose simple modules have the properties of a dual canonical basis and (4) give the fir…
Given a complex reflection group W we compute the support of the spherical irreducible module of the rational Cherednik algebra of W in terms of the simultaneous eigenfunction of the Dunkl operators and Schur elements for finite Hecke algebras.
We consider irreducible lowest-weight representations of Cherednik algebras associated to certain classes of complex reflection groups in characteristic p. In particular, we study maximal graded submodules of Verma modules associated to these algebras. Various results and conjectures are presented concerning generators of these maximal submodules, which are found by computing singular polynomials of Dunkl operators.
It has been known that there exists a canonical system for every finite real reflection group. The first and the third authors obtained an explicit formula for a canonical system in the previous paper. In this article, we first define canonical systems for the finite unitary reflection groups, and then prove their existence. Our proof does not depend on the classification of unitary reflection groups. Furthermore, we give an explicit formula for a canonical system for every unitary reflection group.
We introduce quasi-invariant polynomials for an arbitrary finite complex reflection group W. Unlike in the Coxeter case, the space Q_k of quasi-invariants of a given multiplicity is not, in general, an algebra but a module over the coordinate ring of some (singular) affine variety X_k. We extend the main results of Etingof, Ginzburg and the first author (see [BEG]) to this setting: in particular, we show that the variety X_k and the module Q_k are Cohen-Macaulay, and the rings of differential operators on X_k and Q_k are simple rings, Morita equivalent to the Weyl algebra A_n(C), where n = dim…
To every irreducible finite crystallographic reflection group (i.e., an irreducible finite reflection group G acting faithfully on an abelian variety X), we attach a family of classical and quantum integrable systems on X (with meromorphic coefficients). These families are parametrized by G-invariant functions of pairs (T,s), where T is a hypertorus in X (of codimension 1), and s in G is a reflection acting trivially on T. If G is a real reflection group, these families reduce to the known generalizations of elliptic Calogero-Moser systems, but in the non-real case they appear to be new. We gi…
A canonical system of basic invariants is a system of invariants satisfying a set of differential equations. The properties of a canonical system are related to the mean value property for polytopes. In this article, we naturally identify the vector space spanned by a canonical system of basic invariants with an invariant space determined by a fundamental antiinvariant. From this identification, we obtain explicit formulas of canonical systems of basic invariants. The construction of the formulas does not depend on the classification of finite irreducible reflection groups.
We introduce the local and global indices of Dirac operators for the rational Cherednik algebra $\mathsf{H}_{t,c}(G,\mathfrak{h})$, where $G$ is a complex reflection group acting on a finite-dimensional vector space $\mathfrak{h}$. We investigate precise relations between the (local) Dirac index of a simple module in the category $\mathcal{O}$ of $\mathsf{H}_{t,c}(G,\mathfrak{h})$, the graded $G$-character of the module, the Euler-Poincaré pairing, and the composition series polynomials for standard modules. In the global theory, we introduce integral-reflection modules for $\mathsf{H}_{t,c}(G…
We consider a generalization of the classical Laplace operator, which includes the Laplace-Dunkl operator defined in terms of the differential-difference operators associated with finite reflection groups called Dunkl operators. For this Laplace-like operator, we determine a set of symmetries commuting with it, which are generalized angular momentum operators, and we present the algebraic relations for the symmetry algebra. In this context, the generalized Dirac operator is then defined as a square root of our Laplace-like operator. We explicitly determine a family of graded operators which co…
We introduce an algebra $\mathcal H$ consisting of difference-reflection operators and multiplication operators that can be considered as a $q=1$ analogue of Sahi's double affine Hecke algebra related to the affine root system of type $(C^\vee_1, C_1)$. We study eigenfunctions of a Dunkl-Cherednik-type operator in the algebra $\mathcal H$, and the corresponding Fourier transforms. These eigenfunctions are non-symmetric versions of the Wilson polynomials and the Wilson functions.
Given a rank $n$ irreducible finite reflection group $W$, the $W$-invariant polynomial functions defined in ${\mathbb R}^n$ can be written as polynomials of $n$ algebraically independent homogeneous polynomial functions, $p_1(x),\ldots,p_n(x)$, called basic invariant polynomials. Their degrees are well known and typical of the given group $W$. The polynomial $p_1(x)$ has the lowest degree, equal to 2. It has been proved that it is possible to choose all the other $n-1$ basic invariant polynomials in such a way that they satisfy a certain system of differential equations, including the Laplace …
The two most fundamental conjectures on the structure of the generic Hecke algebra $\mathcal{H}(W)$ associated with a complex reflection group $W$ state that $\mathcal{H}(W)$ is a free module of rank $|W|$ over its ring of definition, and that $\mathcal{H}(W)$ admits a canonical symmetrising trace. The first conjecture has recently become a theorem, while the second conjecture, known to hold for real reflection groups, has only been proved for some exceptional non-real complex reflection groups (all of rank $2$ but one). The two most fundamental conjectures on the structure of the parabolic He…
The rational Cherednik algebra $\HH$ is a certain algebra of differential-reflection operators attached to a complex reflection group $W$. Each irreducible representation $S^λ$ of $W$ corresponds to a standard module $M(λ)$ for $\HH$. This paper deals with the infinite family $G(r,1,n)$ of complex reflection groups; our goal is to study the standard modules using a commutative subalgebra $\ttt$ of $\HH$ discovered by Dunkl and Opdam. In this case, the irreducible $W$-modules are indexed by certain sequences $λ$ of partitions. We first show that $\ttt$ acts in an upper triangular fashion on eac…
We give simple formulas for the elements $c_k$ appearing in a quantum Cayley-Hamilton formula for the reflection equation algebra (REA) associated to the quantum group $U_q(\mathfrak{gl}_N)$, answering a question of Kolb and Stokman. The $c_k$'s are certain canonical generators of the center of the REA, and hence of $U_q(\mathfrak{gl}_N)$ itself; they have been described by Reshetikhin using graphical calculus, by Nazarov-Tarasov using quantum Yangians, and by Gurevich, Pyatov and Saponov using quantum Schur functions; however no explicit formulas for these elements were previously known. As b…
After having established elementary results on the relationship between a finite complex (pseudo-)reflection group W < GL(V) and its reflection arrangement A, we prove that the action of W on A is canonically related with other natural representations of W, through a `periodic' family of representations of its braid group. We also prove that, when W is irreducible, then the squares of defining linear forms for A span the quadratic forms on V, which imply |A| >= n(n+1)/2 for n = dim V, and relate the W-equivariance of the corresponding map with the period of our family.
We classify the elements of $W(\tilde{A}_n)$ by giving a canonical reduced expression for each, using basic tools among which affine length. We give some direct consequences for such a canonical form: a description of left multiplication by a simple reflection, a study of the right descent set, and a proof that the affine length is preserved along the tower of affine Coxeter groups of type $\tilde A$, which implies in particular that the corresponding tower of affine Hecke algebras is a faithful tower.
For a symmetric $R$-space $K/L=G/P$ the standard intertwining operators provide a canonical $G$-invariant pairing between sections of line bundles over $G/P$ and its opposite $G/\overline{P}$. Twisting this pairing with an involution of $G$ which defines a non-compactly causal symmetric space $G/H$ we obtain an $H$-invariant form on sections of line bundles over $G/P$. Restricting to the open $H$-orbits in $G/P$ constructs the Berezin forms studied previously by G. van Dijk, S. C. Hille and V. F. Molchanov. We determine for which $H$-orbits in $G/P$ and for which line bundles the Berezin form …