Interfaces pinned by quenched disorder are often used to model jerky self-organized critical motion. We study static avalanches, or shocks, defined here as jumps between distinct global minima upon changing an external field. We show how the full statistics of these jumps is encoded in the functional-renormalization-group fixed-point functions. This allows us to obtain the size distribution P(S) of static avalanches in an expansion in the internal dimension d of the interface. Near and above d=4 this yields the mean-field distribution P(S) ~ S^(-3/2) exp(-S/[4 S_m]) where S_m is a large-scale cutoff, in some cases calculable. Resumming all 1-loop contributions, we find P(S) ~ S^(-tau) exp(C (S/S_m)^(1/2) -B/4 (S/S_m)^delta) where B, C, delta, tau are obtained to first order in epsilon=4-d. Our result is consistent to O(epsilon) with the relation tau = 2-2/(d+zeta), where zeta is the static roughness exponent, often conjectured to hold at depinning. Our calculation applies to all static universality classes, including random-bond, random-field and random-periodic disorder. Extended to long-range elastic systems, it yields a different size distribution for the case of contact-line elasticity, with an exponent compatible with tau=2-1/(d+zeta) to O(epsilon=2-d). We discuss consequences for avalanches at depinning and for sandpile models, relations to Burgers turbulence and the possibility that the above relations for tau be violated to higher loop order. Finally, we show that the avalanche-size distribution on a hyper-plane of co-dimension one is in mean-field (valid close to and above d=4) given by P(S) ~ K_{1/3}(S)/S, where K is the Bessel-K function, thus tau=4/3 for the hyper plane.
Avalanches in mean-field models and the Barkhausen noise in spin-glasses
我们得到一个一般公式的大小分布的“静态雪崩”,或冲击,在一般的平均场玻璃复制对称性破坏鞍点。对于Sherrington-Kirkpatrick(SK)自旋玻璃,它给出了零温下沿平衡磁化曲线的磁化跃变大小S的密度ρ(S)。连续的复本对称性破缺允许幂律行为rho(S)~ 1/(S)^tau,其中SK的指数tau=1,与自旋玻璃相的临界性(边缘稳定性)相关。超度量相空间的所有尺度都与跳跃事件有关。对于弹性系统的静态跳跃的大小S,或Burgers湍流中的大尺度激波的大小S,也得到了类似的结果。在所有一步解法的情况下,rho(S)~ S exp(-A S^2)。一个简单的解释有关的液滴冲击,并在有限维自旋玻璃巴克豪森噪声的平衡模拟标度理论进行了讨论。
Domain walls in magnets, vortex lattices in superconductors, contact lines at depinning, and many other systems can be modelled as an elastic system subject to quenched disorder. Its field theory possesses a well-controlled perturbative expansion around its upper critical dimension. Contrary to standard field theory, the renormalization group flow involves a function, the disorder correlator $Δ(w)$, therefore termed the functional renormalization group (FRG). $Δ(w)$ is a physical observable, the auto-correlation function of the centre of mass of the elastic manifold. In this review, we give a …
Cusps and shocks in the renormalized potential of glassy random manifolds: How Functional Renormalization Group and Replica Symmetry Breaking fit together
We present a proof of principle for the validity of the functional renormalization group, by measuring the force correlations in Barkhausen-noise experiments. Our samples are soft ferromagnets in two distinct universality classes, differing in the range of spin interactions, and the effects of eddy currents. We show that the force correlations have a universal form predicted by the functional renormalization group, distinct for short-range and long-range elasticity, and mostly independent of eddy currents. In all cases correlations grow linearly at small distances, as in mean-field models, but…