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arXiv 0812.1893cond-mat.dis-nn
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泛函重整化群中激波和静态雪崩的尺度分布

Size distributions of shocks and static avalanches from the Functional Renormalization Group

Pierre Le Doussal, Kay Jörg Wiese

摘要:

被淬火无序钉扎的界面常被用来模拟急动自组织临界运动。我们研究静态雪崩,或冲击,在这里定义为不同的全球最小值之间的跳跃时,改变外部字段。我们展示了这些跳跃的完整统计是如何编码在泛函重整化群不动点函数中的。这使我们能够获得静态雪崩的尺寸分布P(S)在界面的内部尺寸d的扩展。在d=4附近和d=4以上,这产生平均场分布P(S)~ S^(-3/2)exp(-S/[4 S_m]),其中S_m是大尺度截止,在某些情况下可计算。恢复所有的1-循环贡献,我们发现P(S)~ S^(-tau)exp(C(S/S_m)^(1/2)-B/4(S/S_m)^delta),其中B,C,delta,tau在n =4-d中获得一阶。我们的结果是一致的O(ω)与关系τ = 2-2/(d+zeta),其中zeta是静态粗糙度指数,往往被证明在脱钉举行。我们的计算适用于所有静态普适类,包括随机键,随机场和随机周期无序。扩展到长程弹性系统,它产生一个不同的尺寸分布的情况下,接触线弹性,与一个指数兼容tau=2-1/(d+zeta)到O(ω =2-d)。我们讨论的后果雪崩在脱钉和沙堆模型,关系到Burgers湍流和可能性,上述关系的tau被违反更高的循环顺序。最后,我们证明了余维为1的超平面上的雪崩尺寸分布在P(S)~ K_{1/3}(S)/S给出的平均场中(在d= 4附近和d=4以上有效),其中K是Bessel-K函数,因此对于超平面τ =4/3.

英文摘要:

Interfaces pinned by quenched disorder are often used to model jerky self-organized critical motion. We study static avalanches, or shocks, defined here as jumps between distinct global minima upon changing an external field. We show how the full statistics of these jumps is encoded in the functional-renormalization-group fixed-point functions. This allows us to obtain the size distribution P(S) of static avalanches in an expansion in the internal dimension d of the interface. Near and above d=4 this yields the mean-field distribution P(S) ~ S^(-3/2) exp(-S/[4 S_m]) where S_m is a large-scale cutoff, in some cases calculable. Resumming all 1-loop contributions, we find P(S) ~ S^(-tau) exp(C (S/S_m)^(1/2) -B/4 (S/S_m)^delta) where B, C, delta, tau are obtained to first order in epsilon=4-d. Our result is consistent to O(epsilon) with the relation tau = 2-2/(d+zeta), where zeta is the static roughness exponent, often conjectured to hold at depinning. Our calculation applies to all static universality classes, including random-bond, random-field and random-periodic disorder. Extended to long-range elastic systems, it yields a different size distribution for the case of contact-line elasticity, with an exponent compatible with tau=2-1/(d+zeta) to O(epsilon=2-d). We discuss consequences for avalanches at depinning and for sandpile models, relations to Burgers turbulence and the possibility that the above relations for tau be violated to higher loop order. Finally, we show that the avalanche-size distribution on a hyper-plane of co-dimension one is in mean-field (valid close to and above d=4) given by P(S) ~ K_{1/3}(S)/S, where K is the Bessel-K function, thus tau=4/3 for the hyper plane.

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