宽剪切带和斑点模型：裂底几何学的含义
Wide shear zones and the spot model: Implications from the split-bottom geometry
摘要：
Bazant和他的同事们已经发展了一种描述准静态颗粒流的点模型。它假设颗粒流是由所谓的过剩自由体积点的反向流动引起的，这些点沿着莫尔-库仑塑性的滑移线移动。该模型是二维的，并已成功地应用于一些不同的几何形状。在本文中，我们调查是否在其最简单的形式斑点模型可以描述宽剪切区的实验和模拟库埃特细胞分裂底部。我们给出了一个一般性的论点，是独立的应力的特定描述，但它表明，目前制定的斑点模型，其中扩散和漂移项被假定为平衡的长度尺度上的斑点直径的顺序，即顺序3-5粒径，是难以调和与观察到的宽剪切区。我们还讨论了点模型的同轴度的应力和应变率张量在这些宽剪切流中发现的影响，并指出可能的扩展模型，可能允许一个帐户宽剪切区的存在。
英文摘要：
The spot model has been developed by Bazant and co-workers to describe quasistatic granular flows. It assumes that granular flow is caused by the opposing flow of so-called spots of excess free volume, with spots moving along the slip lines of Mohr-Coulomb plasticity. The model is two-dimensional and has been successfully applied to a number of different geometries. In this paper we investigate whether the spot model in its simplest form can describe the wide shear zones observed in experiments and simulations of a Couette cell with split bottom. We give a general argument that is independent of the particular description of the stresses, but which shows that the present formulation of the spot model in which diffusion and drift terms are postulated to balance on length scales of order of the spot diameter, i.e. of order 3-5 grain diameters, is difficult to reconcile with the observed wide shear zones. We also discuss the implications for the spot model of co-axiality of the stress and strain rate tensors found in these wide shear flows, and point to possible extensions of the model that might allow one to account for the existence of wide shear zones.
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