L. Ya. Glozman
We demonstrate an exact cancellation of the infrared divergences in the color-singlet quarkyonic matter with the 1/p^4 Coulomb-like confining interaction both in the chiral symmetry broken and restored regimes.
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We examine the interplay between the percolation and the deconfinement phase transitions of Yang-Mills matter at finite temperature, quark chemical potential $μ_Q$ and number of colors $N_c$. We find that, whereas the critical $N_c$ for percolation goes down with density, the critical $N_c$ for confinement generally goes up. Because of this, Yang-Mills matter falls into two qualitatively different regimes: the "low-$N_c$ limit", where percolation does not occur because matter deconfines before it percolates, and the high-$N_c$ limit, where there are three distinct phases characterizing Yang-Mi…
It has recently been suggested that at a reasonably large chemical potential a confining quarkyonic matter is formed that consists of the quark Fermi sea and confined hadrons on top of this Fermi sea. We study some properties of this matter. It is demonstrated that below the chiral restoration point there are gapless excitations of this matter through excitations of the Goldstone bosons. Above the chiral restoration point the single quarks are still removed from the spectrum of excitations and the only possible excitations are confined color-singlet hadrons with finite mass. Hence there appear…
We analyze the (1+1) dimensional QCD (QCD_2) at finite density to consider a number of qualitative issues: confinement in dense quark matter, the chiral symmetry breaking near the Fermi surface, the relation between chiral spirals and quark number density, and a possibility of the spontaneous flavor symmetry breaking. We argue that while the free energy is dominated by perturbative quarks, confined excitations at zero density can persist up to high density. So quark matter in QCD$_2$ is an example of Quarkyonic matter. The non-Abelian bosonization and associated charge-flavor-color separation …
Momentum Shell in Quarkyonic Matter from Explicit Duality: A Dual Model for Cold, Dense QCD
该模型通过夸克-重子对偶关系统一描述冷致密QCD物质，解析求解发现低密度核物质区与高密度夸克物质区，后者形成动量壳层，并导致状态方程由软变硬、压力骤增。
Quantum van der Waals theory meets quarkyonic matter
本研究将量子范德瓦尔斯理论引入夸克物质排除体积模型，得到符合核物质经验性质的状态方程，预言中能重离子碰撞可达密度下的夸克物质转变及声速峰，并验证重子夸克物质方案的能量优势。
Quarkyonic or baryquark matter? On the dynamical generation of momentum space shell structure
本研究对比了零温度下夸克与核子混合物的两种费米海-壳层结构方案，发现baryquark matter比quarkyonic matter在能量上更受青睐且声速行为更合理，指出需修改动力学机制以保留quarkyonic matter。
Quarkyonic Quark-Meson Coupling Model for Nuclear and Neutron Matter
该研究提出了一种基于夸克自由度的双淬火夸克-介子耦合模型，用于描述核物质和中子物质的物理性质，并通过实验数据验证了其有效性。
We study the gauge boson propagator in the dual Abelian Higgs theory which confines electric charges. The confinement is due to dual Abrikosov-Nielsen-Olesen strings. We show that the infrared double pole 1/(p^2)^2 in the propagator is absent due to the confinement phenomenon. Instead, specific angular singularities signal the eventual set in of the confinement. These angular singularities are a manifestation of the confining strings.
Expanding the Landau gauge gluon and ghost two-point functions in a power series we investigate their infrared behavior. The corresponding powers are constrained through the ghost Dyson-Schwinger equation by exploiting multiplicative renormalizability. Without recourse to any specific truncation we demonstrate that the infrared powers of the gluon and ghost propagators are uniquely related to each other. Constraints for these powers are derived, and the resulting infrared enhancement of the ghost propagator signals that the Kugo-Ojima confinement criterion is fulfilled in Landau gauge Yang-Mil…
Scenario for quark confinement from infrared safe Yang-Mills dynamics
本文在Landau规范下结合Yang-Mills理论红外区特征，通过半经典方法求解非阿贝尔偶极子问题，得到通量管解并与格点模拟对比，为夸克禁闭提供新情景。
Analyticity of gluon and Faddeev--Popov ghost propagators and their form factors on the complex momentum-squared plane is exploited to continue analytically the ultraviolet asymptotic form calculable by perturbation theory into the infrared non-perturbative solution. We require the non-perturbative multiplicative renormalizability to write down the renormalization group equation. These requirements enable one to settle the value of the exponent characterizing the infrared asymptotic solution with power behavior which was originally predicted by Gribov and has recently been found as approximate…
Phenomenological consequences of the infrared singular, instantaneous part of the gluon propagator in Coulomb gauge are investigated. The corresponding quark Dyson-Schwinger equation is solved, neglecting retardation and transverse gluons and regulating the resulting infrared singularities. While the quark propagator vanishes as the infrared regulator goes to zero, the frequency integral over the quark propagator stays finite and well-defined. Solutions of the homogeneous Bethe-Salpeter equation for the pseudoscalar and vector mesons as well as for scalar and axial-vector diquarks are obtained…
A model for the infrared sector of Yang-Mills theory based on magnetic vortices represented by (closed) random surfaces is investigated using lattice Monte Carlo methods. The random surfaces are governed by a surface area action and a curvature action. The model generates a finite-temperature deconfinement transition; the coupling constants of the model can be chosen such as to reproduce the SU(2) Yang-Mills ratio of the deconfinement temperature to the square root of the zero-temperature string tension, T_c / sqrt{sigma_0} =0.69. This yields a physical trajectory in the space of coupling cons…
We explore the consequences of treating the X(3872) meson as a tetraquark bound state. As dynamical framework we employ a relativistic constituent quark model which includes infrared confinement in an effective way. We calculate the hadronic decay widths of the observed channels. For reasonable values of the size parameter of the X(3872) we find consistency with the available experimental data.
New types of confinement phase emerge as singular SCFT's appearing as infrared-fixed-points of N=2 supersymmetric QCD (SQCD) are perturbed by an N=1 adjoint mass term. Based on a recent remarkable work on infrared-fixed-point SCFT of highest criticalities by Gaiotto, Seiberg and Tachikawa, we discuss physics of certain confining systems in SU(N), USp(2N) or SO(N) gauge theories. These show features different from a straightforward dual superconductivity picture of confinement a' la 't Hooft and Mandelstam, which might suggest a new venue in exploring the quark confinement mechanism in the real…
The strong coupling constant $1/g^2$ and the vacuum angle $θ$ of the SU(3) Yang-Mills theory are investigated in the infrared limit under the renormalization group flow. It is shown that the theory has an infrared attractive fixed point at $1/g^2 = θ= \,0$, which leads to linear confinement and naturally solves the strong CP problem. In particular, any initial value of $θ\neq 0$ is found to be driven to $θ= 0$ at macroscopic distances, where quarks and gluons freeze into hadrons by the confinement mechanism.
The infrared behavior of the quark-gluon vertex of quenched Landau gauge QCD is studied by analyzing its Dyson-Schwinger equation. Building on previously obtained results for Green functions in the Yang-Mills sector we analytically derive the existence of power-law infrared singularities for this vertex. We establish that dynamical chiral symmetry breaking leads to the self-consistent generation of components of the quark-gluon vertex forbidden when chiral symmetry is forced to stay in the Wigner-Weyl mode. In the latter case the running strong coupling assumes an infrared fixed point. If chir…
Quark confinement is proposed to be a dual Meissner effect of nonAbelian kind. Important hints come from physics of strongly-coupled infrared-fixed-point theories in N=2 supersymmetric QCD, which turn into confining vacua under a small relevant perturbation. The quest for the semiclassical origin of the nonAbelian monopoles, ubiquitous as the infrared degrees of freedom in supersymmetric gauge theories, motivates us to study the quantum dynamics of 2D CP(N-1)model defined on a finite-width worldstrip, with various boundary conditions. The model is found to possess a unique phase ("confinement …
We establish exactly and uniquely the infrared structure of the full gluon propagator in QCD, not solving explicitly the corresponding dynamical equation of motion. By construction, this structure is an infinite sum over all possible severe (i.e., more singular than $1/q^2$) infrared singularities. It reflects the zero momentum modes enhancement effect in the true QCD vacuum. Its existence exhibits a characteristic mass (the so-called mass gap), which is responsible for the scale of nonperturbative dynamics in the QCD ground state. The theory of distributions, complemented by the dimensional r…
We review aspects of confinement in the covariant and local description of QCD and discuss to what extend our present knowledge of the infrared behavior of QCD Green functions can support this description. In particular, we emphasize: the positivity violations of transverse gluon and quark states, the Kugo-Ojima confinement criterion, and the conditions necessary to avoid the decomposition property for colored clusters. We summarize how these issues relate to the infrared behavior of the propagators in Landau gauge QCD as extracted from solutions to truncated Dyson-Schwinger equations and latt…
We consider an extended Nambu--Jona-Lasinio (NJL) model for the light meson sector of QCD where unphysical quark production thresholds are excluded by an infrared cut-off on the momentum integration within quark loop diagrams. This chiral quark model conserves the low energy theorems. The infrared cut-off is fixed selfconsistently by the dynamically generated quark mass (quark condensate). The masses and decay widths of the σ- and ρ-mesons are described in the model.
We explore the dynamical mechanism for generating the infrared singular quark-gluon vertex and quark confinement based on the gauge invariance in covariant-gauge quantum chromodynamics(QCD). We first derive the gauge-invariance constraint relation for the infrared-limit behavior of the quark-gluon vertex, which shows the mechanism for generating the infrared behavior of the quark-gluon vertex. We hence unravel a novel mechanism for generating an infrared singular quark-gluon vertex and then a linear rising potential for confining massive quarks, where the infrared singularity in the form facto…
The infrared behavior of Landau gauge gluon and ghost propagators are investigated in Yang-Mills theory at non-vanishing temperatures. Self-consistent solutions are presented for temperatures below the presumed phase transition and in the infinite temperature limit. Gluon confinement is manifest in the infrared behavior of these propagators. As expected confinement prevails below the phase transition. In the infinite-temperature limit a qualitative change is observed: the chromoelectric sector exhibits a near-perturbative behavior while long-range chromomagnetic interactions, mediated by soft …
We explore the consequences of treating the X(3872) meson as a tetraquark bound state. As dynamical framework we employ a relativistic constituent quark model which includes infrared confinement in an effective way. We calculate the decay widths of the observed channels X-> Jpsi+2π(3π) and X-> \bar D0+D0+\pi0 via the intermediate off--shell states X-> Jpsi+ρ(ω) and X-> \bar D + D*. For reasonable values of the size parameter of the X(3872) we find consistency with the available experimental data. We also discuss the possible impact of the X(3872) in a s-channel dominance description of the Jps…
We calculate the eigenvalue distribution of the Faddeev-Popov operator in Coulomb gauge QCD using quenched SU(3) lattice simulation. In the confinement phase, the density of the low-lying eigenvalues increases with lattice volume, and the confinement criterion is satisfied. Moreover, even in the deconfinement phase, the behavior of the FP eigenvalue density is qualitatively the same as in the confinement phase. This is consistent with the fact that the color-Coulomb potential is not screened in the deconfined phase.
The infrared behaviour of the gluon and ghost propagators in Landau gauge QCD is reviewed. The Kugo-Ojima confinement criterion and the Gribov-Zwanziger horizon condition result from quite general properties of the ghost Dyson-Schwinger equation. The numerical solutions for the gluon and ghost propagators obtained from a truncated set of Dyson-Schwinger equations provide an explicit example for the anticipated infrared behaviour. The results are in good agreement with corresponding lattice data obtained recently. The resulting running coupling approaches a fix point in the infrared, $α(0) = 8.…
We summarise an analysis of the infrared regime of Landau gauge QCD by means of a flow equation approach. The infrared behaviour of gluon and ghost propagators is evaluated. The results provide further evidence for the Kugo-Ojima confinement scenario. We also discuss their relation to results obtained with other functional methods as well as the lattice.
Recent studies of QCD Green's functions and their applications in hadronic physics are reviewed. We briefly discuss the issues of gauge fixing, BRS invariance and positivity. Evidence for the violation of positivity by quarks and transverse gluons in the covariant gauge is collected, and it is argued that this is one manifestation of confinement. We summarise the derivation of the Dyson-Schwinger equations (DSEs) of QED and QCD. The influence of instantons on DSEs in a 2-dimensional model is mentioned. Solutions for the Green's functions in QED in 2+1 and 3+1 dimensions provide tests of variou…
We fix exactly and uniquely the infrared structure of the full gluon propagator in QCD, not solving explicitly the corresponding dynamical equation of motion. By construction, this structure is an infinite sum over all possible severe (i.e., more singular than $1/q^2$) infrared singularities. It reflects the zero momentum modes enhancement effect in the true QCD vacuum, which is due to the self-interaction of massless gluons. It existence automatically exhibits a characteristic mass (the so-called mass gap). It is responsible for the scale of nonperturbative dynamics in the true QCD ground sta…
Employing functional approaches the infrared behaviour of Landau gauge QCD vertex functions is investigated. Results for the ghost-gluon, three-gluon and quark-gluon vertex functions are presented. As can be analytically shown a linear rising potential between heavy quarks is generated by infrared singularities in the dressed quark-gluon vertex. The selfconsistent mechanism that generates these singularities implies the existence of scalar Dirac amplitudes of the full vertex and the quark propagator. These amplitudes can only be present when chiral symmetry is broken, either explicitly or dyna…
Recently it has been shown that infrared singularities of Landau gauge QCD can confine static quarks via a linearly rising potential. We show that the same mechanism can also provide a confining interaction between charged scalar fields in the fundamental representation. This confirms that within this scenario static confinement is a universal property of the gauge sector even though it is formally represented in the functional equations of the matter sector. The simplifications compared to the fermionic case make the scalar system an ideal laboratory for a detailed analysis of the confinement…
We refine the relativistic constituent quark model developed in our previous papers to include the confinement of quarks. It is done, first, by introducing the scale integration in the space of alpha-parameters, and, second, by cutting this scale integration on the upper limit which corresponds to an infrared cutoff. In this manner one removes all possible thresholds presented in the initial quark diagram. The cutoff parameter is taken to be the same for all physical processes. We adjust other model parameters by fitting the calculated quantities of the basic physical processes to available ex…
We study a model Dyson-Schwinger equation for the quark propagator closed using an {\it Ansatz} for the gluon propagator of the form \mbox{$D(q) \sim q^2/[(q^2)^2 + b^4]$} and two {\it Ansätze} for the quark-gluon vertex: the minimal Ball-Chiu and the modified form suggested by Curtis and Pennington. Using the quark condensate as an order parameter, we find that there is a critical value of $b=b_c$ such that the model does not support dynamical chiral symmetry breaking for $b>b_c$. We discuss and apply a confinement test which suggests that, for all values of $b$, the quark propagator in the m…
The infrared behaviour of Landau gauge QCD vertex functions is investigated employing a skeleton expansion of the Dyson-Schwinger and Renormalization Group equations. Results for the ghost-gluon, three-gluon, four-gluon and quark-gluon vertex functions are presented. Positivity violation of the gluon propagator, and thus gluon confinement, is demonstrated. Results of the Dyson-Schwinger equations for a finite volume are compared to corresponding lattice data. It is analytically demonstrated that a linear rising potential between heavy quarks can be generated by infrared singularities in the dr…
We prove that the Faddeev-Popov ghost dressing function in the Yang-Mills theory is non-zero and finite in the limit of vanishing momenta and hence the ghost propagator behaves like free in the deep infrared regime, within the Gribov-Zwanziger framework of the $D$-dimensional SU(N) Yang-Mills theory in the Landau gauge for any $D>2$. This result implies that the Kugo-Ojima color confinement criterion is not satisfied in its original form. We point out that the result crucially depends on the explicit form of the non-local horizon term adopted. The original Gribov prediction in the Landau gauge…
We investigate the exclusive semileptonic decays $J/ψ\to D_{(s)}^{(*)-} {\ell}^+ ν_{\ell}$, where $\ell=e,μ$, within the Standard Model. The relevant transition form factors are calculated in the framework of a relativistic constituent quark model with built-in infrared confinement. Our calculations predict the branching fractions $\mathcal{B}(J/ψ\to D_{(s)}^{(*)-} {\ell}^+ ν_{\ell})$ to be of the order of $10^{-10}$ for $D_s^{(*)-}$ and $10^{-11}$ for $D^{(*)-}$. Most of our numerical results are consistent with other theoretical studies. However, some branching fractions are larger than thos…
Toward a Unified Picture of Confinement and Baryon Structure
本文提出胶子结作为重子动力学核心的理论模型，通过色磁场和偶极效应解释禁闭和奇异性破缺，并探讨其在重子和介子结构中的作用。
The Kugo-Ojima confinement criterion and its relation to the infrared behaviour of the gluon and ghost propagators in Landau gauge QCD are reviewed. The realization of this confinement criterion (which in Landau gauge relates to Zwanziger's horizon condition) results from quite general properties of the ghost Dyson-Schwinger equation. The numerical solutions for the gluon and ghost propagators obtained from a truncated set of Dyson-Schwinger equations provide an explicit example for the anticipated infrared behaviour. These results are in good agreement, also quantitatively, with corresponding…
In a functional approach to QCD the infrared behaviour of Landau gauge Green functions is investigated. Positivity violation for, and thus confinement of, gluons is demonstrated, and the analytic structure of the gluon propagator is studied. Quark confinement is related to an infrared divergence of the quark-gluon vertex. In the latter various components are dynamically induced due to the spontaneous breaking of chiral symmetry. As a result an infrared finite running coupling in the Yang-Mills sector is derived whereas the running coupling related to the quark-gluon vertex is infrared divergen…
In our previous publication [1-3] it has been proven that the general iteration solution of the Shwinger-Dyson equation for the full gluon propagator (i.e., when the skeleton loop integrals, contributing into the gluon self-energy, have to be iterated, which means that no any truncations/approximations have been made) can be algebraically (i.e., exactly) decomposed as the sum of the two principally different terms. The first term is the Laurent expansion in integer powers of severe (i.e., more singular than $1/q^2$) infrared singularities accompanied by the corresponding powers of the mass gap…
Confinement without symmetry breaking in chiral gauge theories
研究右手规范理论中禁闭现象与对称破缺的关系，发现小色数下存在禁闭与对称破缺，大色数下出现禁闭而不破缺的新现象。
Recent investigations of the Dyson-Schwinger equations and Monte-Carlo lattice calculations resulted in a coherent description of the fully dressed gluon, ghost and quark propagators in Landau gauge QCD. In the Dyson-Schwinger approach the infrared behaviour of these propagators is determined analytically. For finite spacelike momenta the gluon, ghost and quark propagators are compared to available corresponding results of lattice Monte-Carlo calculations. For all three propagators an almost quantitative agreement is found. These results for the non-perturbative propagators allow an analytical…
In an Abelian projection SU(2) gluodynamics contains Abelian gauge fields (diagonal degrees of freedom) and Abelian matter fields (off-diagonal degrees). The matter fields are essential for the breaking of the adjoint string. We obtain numerically the effective action of the Abelian fields in quenched SU(2) QCD and show that the Abelian matter fields provide an essential contribution to the total action even in the infrared region.
The finite-temperature behavior of gluon and of Faddeev-Popov-ghost propagators is investigated for pure SU(2) Yang-Mills theory in Landau gauge. We present nonperturbative results, obtained using lattice simulations and Dyson-Schwinger equations. Possible limitations of these two approaches, such as finite-volume effects and truncation artifacts, are extensively discussed. Both methods suggest a very different temperature dependence for the magnetic sector when compared to the electric one. In particular, a clear thermodynamic transition seems to affect only the electric sector. These results…
Deep insights into the possible infrared dynamics of strongly-coupled nonAbelian gauge theories such as QCD come from the analyses of ${\cal N}=1$ or ${\cal N}=2$ supersymmetric gauge theories. Central in the whole discussion will be the topological soliton monopoles and vortices and their quantum dynamics. We review the arguments that nonAbelian monopoles, free from the classic "difficulties", can be defined semi-classically via the topology and stability connection to the better understood nonAbelian vortices. Recent results on $CP^{N-1}$ models on $2D$ worldsheet of finite width, establish …
We study the correlation between confinement and dynamical chiral-symmetry breaking (D$χ$SB) in the dual Ginzburg-Landau (DGL) theory using the effective potential formalism. The DGL theory is an infrared effective theory based on the dual Higgs mechanism, and provides the nonperturbative gluon propagator, which leads to the linear quark potential. The screening effect for the confining potential can be obtained by introducing the infrared cutoff corresponding to the hadron size. We formulate the effective potential for D$χ$SB in the DGL theory, and find the vacuum instability against quark co…
In this work we present a new class of N=1 supersymmetric confining gauge theories, with strikingly simple infrared theories that descend from intricate interconnected networks of product gauge groups. A diagram of the gauge groups and the charged matter content of the ultraviolet theory has the structure of a triangular lattice, with $SU(N)$ or $SU(3 N)$ gauge groups at each of the vertices, connected by bifundamental chiral superfields. This structure admits a $U(1)_R$ conserving superpotential with marginal trilinear operators. With the introduction of this superpotential, the $SU(3N)$ and …
Non-perturbative properties of QCD, such as color confinement, are encoded in the infrared behavior of correlation functions, e.g. propagators and vertices. Various analytic predictions have been suggested for these quantities in various gauges. Here we numerically test these predictions using lattice gauge theory. In particular, we present results for the 2- and 3-point functions for SU(2) Landau-gauge Yang-Mills theory in three and in four dimensions. Special attention is paid to systematic finite-volume effects. The gluon and ghost propagators are also evaluated in the so-called interpolati…
Using the Schwinger-Dyson equations the possible infrared behaviour of the gluon propagator is studied. Previous work performed in axial gauges is reviewed, the approximations needed detailed and the difficulties of their justification discussed. We then turn to the Landau gauge and investigate the possibility of a gluon propagator less singular than $1/p^{2}$ when $p^{2} \rightarrow 0$. We find that this infrared softened behaviour of the gluon propagator is inconsistent; only an infrared enhanced gluon, as singular as $1/p^{4}$ when $p^{2} \rightarrow 0$ is consistent with the truncated Schw…
We show that the Nielsen-Olesen instability of the Savvidy vacuum with a homogeneous chromomagnetic condensation disappears in the framework of the functional renormalization group. This result follows from our observations: (i) the vanishing imaginary part of the effective average action is realized for arbitrary infrared cutoff as a novel fixed point solution of the flow equation for the complex-valued effective average action and (ii) an approximate analytical solution for the effective average action is obtained without the pure imaginary part for large infrared cutoff. This result suggest…
The infrared behavior of the gluon propagator is directly related to confinement in QCD. Indeed, the Gribov-Zwanziger scenario of confinement predicts an infrared vanishing (transverse) gluon propagator in Landau-like gauges, implying violation of reflection positivity and gluon confinement. Finite-volume effects make it very difficult to observe (in the minimal Landau gauge) an infrared suppressed gluon propagator in lattice simulations of the four-dimensional case. Here we report results for the SU(2) gluon propagator in a gauge that interpolates between the minimal Landau gauge (for gauge p…
The dynamics in QCD with different number of fermion flavors N_f is discussed. The emphasis is on the description of the conformal phase transition with respect to N_f separating a phase with no confinement and chiral symmetry breaking and a phase with confinement and with chiral symmetry breaking.
In 1+1 dimensional compact QCD the zero modes of $A^+$ give the theory a non- trivial topological structure. We examine the effects of these topological structures on the confining infrared structure of the theory. We show that the ground state wavefunction of the topological excitation smears the infrared behavior sufficiently to eliminate confinement for some matter currents. We review the work of Franke et.al. which shows that the zero modes of$A^+$ in $QCD_{3+1}$ give rise to instantons. The relation of zero modes of$A^+$.Invited talk at the workshop on "Theory of Hadrons ond Light-Front Q…
We further explore the consequences of treating the X(3872) meson as a tetraquark bound state by analyzing its one-photon decay X => γ+ J/psi in the framework of our approach developed in previous papers which incorporates quark confinement in an effective way. To introduce electromagnetism we gauge a nonlocal effective Lagrangian describing the interaction of the X(3872) meson with its four constituent quarks by using the P-exponential path-independent formalism. We calculate the matrix element of the transition X => γ+ J/psi and prove its gauge invariance. We evaluate the X=> γ+ J/psi decay …
Under the assumption that the color charge can be written in a BRST exact form, the color confinement mechanism proposed by Kugo and Ojima (KO) explains the confinement of any colored particles including dynamical quarks and gluons. This mechanism, however, is known to break down in the Abelian gauge which treats the maximal Abelian subgroup of the gauge group in a special manner. In order to study whether the failure of the KO mechanism is particular only to the Abelian gauge or whether this failure occurs in a wide class of gauges including the ordinary Lorentz type gauge, we carry out a ren…
We estimate the QCD effective charge $α_s$ in the low-energy region by exploiting the conventional meson spectrum within a relativistic quantum-field model based on analytic confinement. The ladder Bethe-Salpeter equation is solved for the masses of two-quark bound states. We found a new, independent and specific infrared-finite behavior of QCD coupling below energy scale 1 GeV. Particularly, an infrared-fixed point is extracted at $α_s(0)\simeq 0.757$ for confinement scale $Λ=345$ MeV. As an application, we estimate masses of some intermediate and heavy mesons and obtain results in reasonable…
The infrared behavior of Yang-Mills theory at finite temperature provides access to the role of confinement. In this review recent results on this topic from lattice calculations and especially Dyson-Schwinger studies are discussed. These indicate persistence of a residual confinement even in the high-temperature phase. The confinement mechanism is very similar to the one in the vacuum for the chromomagnetic sector. In the chromoelectric sector screening occurs at the soft scale g^2T, although not leading to a perturbative behavior.
We study the color confinement, the $q$-$\bar q$ pair creation and the dynamical chiral-symmetry breaking of nonperturbative QCD by using the dual Ginzburg-Landau theory, where QCD-monopole condensation plays an essential role on the nonperturbative dynamics in the infrared region. As a result of the dual Meissner effect, the linear static quark potential, which characterizes the quark confinement, is obtained in the long distance within the quenched approximation. We obtain a simple expression for the string tension similar to the energy per unit length of a vortex in the superconductivity ph…
We are aiming to construct Quark Hadron Physics and Confinement Physics based on QCD. Using SU(3)$_c$ lattice QCD, we are investigating the three-quark potential at T=0 and $T \ne 0$, mass spectra of positive and negative-parity baryons in the octet and the decuplet representations of the SU(3) flavor, glueball properties at T=0 and $T \ne 0$. We study also Confinement Physics using lattice QCD. In the maximally abelian (MA) gauge, the off-diagonal gluon amplitude is strongly suppressed, and then the off-diagonal gluon phase shows strong randomness, which leads to a large effective off-diagona…
We study a class of 4-dimensional $SU(N)$ chiral gauge theories with fermions in the 2-index symmetric and antisymmetric representations and classify their infrared phases. The choice $N=4\mathbb{Z}$ corresponds to gauging the fermion number and makes the theory purely bosonic. We examine the most general background fields of the centers of the gauge, non-abelian flavor, and $U(1)$-axial groups that can be consistently activated, thereby determine the faithful global continuous and discrete symmetries of the theory. This allows us to identify new mixed 0-form/1-form `t Hooft anomalies on both …
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