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arXiv 0812.1060astro-ph
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旋转吸积黑洞相对论喷流稳定性的全三维磁流体动力学模拟

Stability of Relativistic Jets from Rotating, Accreting Black Holes via Fully Three-Dimensional Magnetohydrodynamic Simulations

Jonathan C. McKinney, Roger D. Blandford

摘要:

旋转的磁化致密物体及其吸积盘可以产生强大的环形磁场,驱动高度磁化的等离子体进入相对论喷流。然而,值得关注的是,射流中的强环向场对于非轴对称螺旋扭结(螺旋)$m=1$模式应该是高度不稳定的,从而导致快速破坏。此外,最近的关注是,由于非偶极磁场的吸积,射流形成过程本身可能是不稳定的。我们描述了大规模的全三维全球广义相对论磁流体动力学模拟的快速旋转,吸积黑洞产生的喷流。我们研究的稳定性,因为它传播的射流和稳定性的射流形成过程中吸积的偶极和四极场。对于我们的偶极模型,尽管强大的非轴对称盘湍流,射流达到洛伦兹因子的$Γ\sim 10$与开放的半角$θ_j\sim 5^\circ$在$10^3$引力半径没有显着的中断或耗散,只有温和的子结构为主的$m=1$模式。相反,我们的四极模型不产生一个稳定的相对论($Γ\gtrsim 3$)喷流,由于不稳定的极场引起的极区的质量负荷。因此,相对论性喷流如果产生的话,大致上是稳定的结构,并且可以达到具有强磁场的外部冲击。我们讨论的天体物理意义的吸积磁几何形状发挥这样一个重要的作用,在相对论性喷流的形成,我们概述了未来的工作途径。

英文摘要:

Rotating magnetized compact objects and their accretion discs can generate strong toroidal magnetic fields driving highly magnetized plasmas into relativistic jets. Of significant concern, however, has been that a strong toroidal field in the jet should be highly unstable to the non-axisymmetric helical kink (screw) $m=1$ mode leading to rapid disruption. In addition, a recent concern has been that the jet formation process itself may be unstable due to the accretion of non-dipolar magnetic fields. We describe large-scale fully three-dimensional global general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic simulations of rapidly rotating, accreting black holes producing jets. We study both the stability of the jet as it propagates and the stability of the jet formation process during accretion of dipolar and quadrupolar fields. For our dipolar model, despite strong non-axisymmetric disc turbulence, the jet reaches Lorentz factors of $Γ\sim 10$ with opening half-angle $θ_j\sim 5^\circ$ at $10^3$ gravitational radii without significant disruption or dissipation with only mild substructure dominated by the $m=1$ mode. On the contrary, our quadrupolar model does not produce a steady relativistic ($Γ\gtrsim 3$) jet due to mass-loading of the polar regions caused by unstable polar fields. Thus, if produced, relativistic jets are roughly stable structures and may reach up to an external shock with strong magnetic fields. We discuss the astrophysical implications of the accreted magnetic geometry playing such a significant role in relativistic jet formation, and we outline avenues for future work.

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