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arXiv 0811.3747astro-ph
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星际湍流压力对超新星爆发率的依赖性

Dependence of Interstellar Turbulent Pressure on Supernova Rate

M. Ryan Joung, Mordecai-Mark Mac Low, Greg L. Bryan

摘要:

来自大质量恒星的反馈是星系形成最不为人所知的方面之一。我们进行了一套垂直分层的本地星际介质(ISM)的模拟,其中超新星率和垂直气柱密度系统地根据施密特-肯尼库特定律变化。我们的模拟有足够高的空间分辨率(1.95 pc),以遵循多个超新星之间的流体动力学相互作用,结构的ISM。在给定的超新星爆发率下,平均质量加权声速和速度色散随气体密度的平方根倒数而减小,表明在中平面内热压力和湍流压力几乎是常数,因此有效状态方程是等压的.相比之下,在我们的四个模型中,超新星速率的范围从银河系超新星速率的1倍到512倍,质量加权速度色散保持在4-6 km/s的范围内。因此,气体平均超过约100 pc区域遵循一个有效的状态方程,接近等温。模拟的H I发射线的宽度为10-18 km/s,与观测值相当。在我们的最高超新星爆发率模型中,超气泡会发生破裂,大尺度上的湍流压力比热压力高4倍以上。我们发现了一个紧密的相关性之间的热和湍流压力平均超过100个PC区域中的每个模型的中平面,以及在四个ISM模型。我们构建了一个亚网格模型的湍流压力的分析参数的基础上,并明确校准它对我们分层ISM模拟。亚网格模型提供了一种简单而又物理上有动机的方法,将超新星反馈纳入宇宙学模拟中。

英文摘要:

Feedback from massive stars is one of the least understood aspects of galaxy formation. We perform a suite of vertically stratified local interstellar medium (ISM) simulations in which supernova rates and vertical gas column densities are systematically varied based on the Schmidt-Kennicutt law. Our simulations have a sufficiently high spatial resolution (1.95 pc) to follow the hydrodynamic interactions among multiple supernovae that structure the ISM. At a given supernova rate, we find that the mean mass-weighted sound speed and velocity dispersion decrease as the inverse square root of gas density, indicating that both thermal and turbulent pressures are nearly constant in the midplane, so the effective equation of state is isobaric. In contrast, across our four models having supernova rates that range from one to 512 times the Galactic supernova rate, the mass-weighted velocity dispersion remains in the range 4-6 km/s. Hence, gas averaged over ~100 pc regions follows an effective equation of state that is close to isothermal. Simulated H I emission lines have widths of 10-18 km/s, comparable to observed values. In our highest supernova rate model, superbubble blow-outs occur, and the turbulent pressure on large scales is >~4 times higher than the thermal pressure. We find a tight correlation between the thermal and turbulent pressures averaged over ~100 pc regions in the midplane of each model, as well as across the four ISM models. We construct a subgrid model for turbulent pressure based on analytic arguments and explicitly calibrate it against our stratified ISM simulations. The subgrid model provides a simple yet physically motivated way to include supernova feedback in cosmological simulations.

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