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arXiv 0811.3408quant-ph
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热高斯态的相位估计

Phase estimation for thermal Gaussian states

M. Aspachs, J. Calsamiglia, R. Munoz-Tapia, E. Bagan

摘要:

给出了单拷贝和多拷贝混合高斯态相位估计精度的最优界。具体来说,我们专注于位移热态和压缩热态。我们发现,而对于位移热态的温度的增加降低了估计保真度,压缩热态的更大的温度可以提高估计保真度。多副本的最佳界限进行了比较,实现了三个重要的单次测量策略的最小方差。我们表明,单副本的规范相位测量并不总是达到最佳的界限,在多副本的情况下。自适应homodyning计划确实达到位移热态的界限,但对于压缩态,它们产生对温度变化不敏感的非线性,因此是次优的。最后,我们发现,外差测量执行纯状态非常差,但可以达到充分混合状态的最佳界限。我们应用我们的研究结果,在光学计量实验中的损失的影响。当存在损耗时,压缩态不再提供海森堡有限精度,其性能接近于具有相同平均光子数的相干态。

英文摘要:

We give the optimal bounds on the phase-estimation precision for mixed Gaussian states in the single-copy and many-copy regimes. Specifically, we focus on displaced thermal and squeezed thermal states. We find that while for displaced thermal states an increase in temperature reduces the estimation fidelity, for squeezed thermal states a larger temperature can enhance the estimation fidelity. The many-copy optimal bounds are compared with the minimum variance achieved by three important single-shot measurement strategies. We show that the single-copy canonical phase measurement does not always attain the optimal bounds in the many-copy scenario. Adaptive homodyning schemes do attain the bounds for displaced thermal states, but for squeezed states they yield fidelities that are insensitive to temperature variations and are, therefore, sub-optimal. Finally, we find that heterodyne measurements perform very poorly for pure states but can attain the optimal bounds for sufficiently mixed states. We apply our results to investigate the influence of losses in an optical metrology experiment. In the presence of losses squeezed states cease to provide Heisenberg limited precision and their performance is close to that of coherent states with the same mean photon number.

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