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arXiv 0811.3020astro-ph
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快速旋转超大质量黑洞或吸积超大质量黑洞驱动的高能AGN爆发

An Energetic AGN Outburst Powered by a Rapidly Spinning Supermassive Black Hole or an Accreting Ultramassive Black Hole

B. R. McNamara, F. Kazemzadeh, D. A. Rafferty, L. Birzan, P. E. J. Nulsen, C. C. Kirkpatrick, M. W. Wise

摘要:

在MS 0735.6 +7421星系团中央星系中,通过吸积来驱动10^62尔格的核爆发,这意味着在过去的1亿年里,其超大质量黑洞(SMBH)的质量增加了约6 × 10^8个太阳。我们将冷气体和恒星形成的上限分别设定为每年小于10^9个太阳质量和小于2个太阳质量。这些限制意味着,在球核中,有相当大一部分的冷气体已经被它的SMBH以每年约3-5个太阳质量的速度消耗掉了,而没有留下任何恒星形成的痕迹。除非黑洞的质量接近10^11太阳质量,否则恒星吸积或邦迪机制很难维持如此高的吸积速率。与其巨大的机械能相比,它在紫外线、碘和X射线波段的微弱核光度与其快速吸积到约5 × 10^9太阳质量的黑洞上的情况不一致。相反,我们认为活动星系核的爆发是由一个快速旋转的黑洞提供动力的。一个最大旋转质量为10^9太阳质量的黑洞包含了足够的旋转能量(约10^62尔格),足以在其整个生命周期中淬灭冷却流,并对在星系团和星系团的热大气中发现的过剩熵做出重大贡献。活动星系核反馈的两种模式可能是在以冷却晕为中心的椭圆星系中淬灭恒星的形成。一种是在富气系统中运行的吸积模式,另一种是在适度吸积率下运行的自旋模式。在MS 0735中,自旋猜想可以通过求助于质量大大超过10^10太阳质量的中心黑洞的邦迪吸积来避免。宿主星系异常大,3.8千秒差距的恒星核心半径(光赤字)可能见证了超大质量黑洞的存在。

英文摘要:

Powering the 10^62 erg nuclear outburst in the MS0735.6+7421 cluster central galaxy by accretion implies that its supermassive black hole (SMBH) grew by ~6x10^8 solar masses over the past 100 Myr. We place upper limits on the amount of cold gas and star formation near the nucleus of <10^9 solar masses and <2 solar masses per year, respectively. These limits imply that an implausibly large fraction of the preexisting cold gas in the bulge must have been consumed by its SMBH at the rate of ~3-5 solar masses per year while leaving no trace of star formation. Such a high accretion rate would be difficult to maintain by stellar accretion or the Bondi mechanism, unless the black hole mass approaches 10^11 solar masses. Its feeble nuclear luminosities in the UV, I, and X-ray bands compared to its enormous mechanical power are inconsistent with rapid accretion onto a ~5x10^9 solar mass black hole. We suggest instead that the AGN outburst is powered by a rapidly-spinning black hole. A maximally-spinning, 10^9 solar mass black hole contains enough rotational energy, ~10^62 erg, to quench a cooling flow over its lifetime and to contribute significantly to the excess entropy found in the hot atmospheres of groups and clusters. Two modes of AGN feedback may be quenching star formation in elliptical galaxies centered in cooling halos at late times. An accretion mode that operates in gas-rich systems, and a spin mode operating at modest accretion rates. The spin conjecture may be avoided in MS0735 by appealing to Bondi accretion onto a central black hole whose mass greatly exceeds 10^10 solar mass. The host galaxy's unusually large, 3.8 kpc stellar core radius (light deficit) may witness the presence of an ultramassive black hole.

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