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arXiv 0711.4420astro-ph
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吸积中子星自旋与物态方程

Accreting neutron star spins and the equation of state

Duncan Galloway

摘要:

自1996年以来,用RXTE对低质量X射线双星(LMXB)中的中子星进行的X射线计时揭示了几种不同的高频现象。其中包括热核(I型)爆发期间的振荡,这(除了持续的X射线脉动)被认为是追踪中子星自旋。最近的发现使测量到的LMXB自旋速率总数达到22。一个悬而未决的问题是,为什么在LMXB中已知的大约100颗中子星中,大多数既没有脉动,也没有爆发振荡。最近的观察表明,持续的脉动可能比以前认为的更常见,尽管可以间歇地检测到,并且在某些情况下占空比非常低。例如,HETE J1900.1-2455中的377.3 Hz脉动只在爆发的前几个月出现,此后就消失了(尽管X射线活动仍在继续)。此后,在另外两个来源中检测到间歇性(持续性)脉动。在这三个系统中的两个系统中,脉动似乎与热核爆发活动有关,但在第三个系统(Aql X-1)中,它们不是。这种现象为在已知系统中进行自旋测量提供了新的机会。这样的测量可以限制鲜为人知的中子星状态方程,并且LMXB中的中子星提供了比旋转动力的中子星更好的观测优势,这使得更有可能检测到更快速旋转的例子。即便如此,至少比目前最大值快50%的自旋速率似乎是必要的,以给出足够严格的约束,从而区分各种模型。虽然这种快速旋转物体的未来前景似乎并不乐观,但对LMXB有几种额外的观测方法是可能的。

英文摘要:

X-ray timing of neutron stars in low-mass X-ray binaries (LMXBs) with RXTE has since 1996 revealed several distinct high-frequency phenomena. Among these are oscillations during thermonuclear (type-I) bursts, which (in addition to persistent X-ray pulsations) are thought to trace the neutron star spin. Recent discoveries bring the total number of measured LMXB spin rates to 22. An open question is why the majority of the ~100 known neutron stars in LMXBs show neither pulsations nor burst oscillations. Recent observations suggest that persistent pulsations may be more common than previously thought, although detectable intermittently, and in some cases at very low duty cycles. For example, the 377.3 Hz pulsations in HETE J1900.1-2455 were only present in the first few months of it's outburst, and have been absent since (although X-ray activity continues). Intermittent (persistent) pulsations have since been detected in a further two sources. In two of these three systems the pulsations appear to be related to the thermonuclear burst activity, but in the third (Aql X-1) they are not. This phenomenon offers new opportunities for spin measurements in known systems. Such measurements can constrain the poorly-known neutron star equation of state, and neutron stars in LMXBs offer observational advantages over rotation-powered pulsars which make the detection of more rapidly-spinning examples more likely. Even so, spin rates of at least 50% faster than the present maximum appear necessary to give constraints stringent enough to discriminate between the various models. Although the future prospects for such rapidly-spinning objects do not appear optimistic, several additional observational approaches are possible for LMXBs.

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