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arXiv 0811.2400hep-phcond-mat.supr-connucl-th
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（色）超导中的孤子基态

Solitonic ground states in (color-) superconductivity

Dominik Nickel, Michael Buballa

备注：
24 pages, 18 figures; v2: minor modifications, to appear in PRD
发表信息：
Phys.Rev.D79:054009,2009
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摘要：

我们提出了一个一般的框架分析不均匀（彩色）超导相的平均场近似不受限制的金兹伯格-朗道方法。作为第一个应用，我们计算了具有一般一维周期结构的3+1维玩具模型具有两个费米子物种的实际间隙函数。由此产生的解决方案是积极有利于对均匀超导（BCS）和正常的导电相在窗口的化学电势差，这是最简单的平面波的两倍宽（“富尔德-费雷尔相”）。在该窗口的下端，我们观察到孤子晶格的形成和向BCS相的连续相变。在窗口的高端，间隙函数是正弦的，并且到正常导电相的过渡是一阶的。我们还讨论了非均匀相准粒子的激发谱。最后，我们比较了间隙函数与已知的1+1维理论的解析解。

英文摘要：

We present a general framework for analyzing inhomogeneous (color-) superconducting phases in mean-field approximation without restriction to the Ginzburg-Landau approach. As a first application, we calculate real gap functions with general one-dimensional periodic structures for a 3+1-dimensional toy model having two fermion species. The resulting solutions are energetically favored against homogeneous superconducting (BCS) and normal conducting phases in a window for the chemical potential difference which is about twice as wide as for the most simple plane-wave ansatz ("Fulde-Ferrell phase"). At the lower end of this window, we observe the formation of a soliton lattice and a continuous phase transition to the BCS phase. At the higher end of the window the gap functions are sinusoidal, and the transition to the normal conducting phase is of first order. We also discuss the quasiparticle excitation spectrum in the inhomogeneous phase. Finally, we compare the gap functions with the known analytical solutions of the 1+1-dimensional theory.

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