The envelope of holomorphy of an arbitrary domain in a two-dimensional Stein manifold is identified with a connected component of the set of equivalence classes of analytic discs immersed into the Stein manifold with boundary in the domain. This implies, in particular, that for each of its points the envelope of holomorphy contains an embedded (non-singular) Riemann surface (and also an immersed analytic disc) passing through this point with boundary contained in the natural embedding of the original domain into its envelope of holomorphy. Moreover, it says, that analytic continuation to a neighbourhood of an arbitrary point of the envelope of holomorphy can be performed by applying the continuity principle once. Another corollary concerns representation of certain elements of the fundamental group of the domain by boundaries of analytic discs. A particular case is the following. Given a contact three-manifold with Stein filling, any element of the fundamental group of the contact manifold whose representatives are contractible in the filling can be represented by the boundary of an immersed analytic disc.
Let $p:X\longrightarrow M$ be a Riemann domain over a connected $n$-dimensional complex submanifold $M$ of $\mathbb C^N$ and let $\mathcal F\subset\mathcal O(X)$ be such that $p\in\mathcal F^N$. Our aim is to discuss relations between the $\mathcal F$-envelope of holomorphy of $(X,p)$ in the sense of Riemann domains over $M$ and the $\mathcal F$-envelope of holomorphy of $X$ in the sense of complex manifolds.
Let Omega be a domain in C^2. We prove the following theorem. If the envelope of holomorphy of Omega is schlicht over Omega, then the envelope is in fact schlicht. We provide examples showing that the theorem is not true in C^n, n>2. Additionally, we show that the theorem cannot be generalized to provide information about domains in C^2 whose envelopes are multiply sheeted.
Let $D\subset \C^n,$ $G\subset \C^m$ be open sets, let $A$ (resp. $B$) be a subset of the boundary $\partial D$ (resp. $\partial G$) and let $W$ be the 2-fold boundary cross $((D\cup A)\times B)\cup (A\times(B\cup G)).$ An open subset $X\subset\C^{n+m} $ is said to be the ``envelope of holomorphy" of $W$ if it is, in some sense, the maximal open set with the following property: Any function locally bounded on $W$ and separately holomorphic on $(A\times G) \cup (D\times B)$ "extends" to a holomorphic function defined on $X$ which admits the boundary values $f$ a.e. on $W.$ In this work we will …
In this paper we investigate invariant domains in $\, Ξ^+$, a distinguished $\,G$-invariant, Stein domain in the complexification of an irreducible Hermitian symmetric space $\,G/K$. The domain $\,Ξ^+$, recently introduced by Krötz and Opdam, contains the crown domain $\,Ξ\,$ and it is maximal with respect to properness of the $\,G$-action. In the tube case, it also contains $\,S^+$, an invariant Stein domain arising from the compactly causal structure of a symmetric orbit in the boundary of $\,Ξ$. We prove that the envelope of holomorphy of an invariant domain in $\,Ξ^+$, which is contained n…
For a domain $D\subset {\Bbb{C}}^n$ we construct a continuous foliation of $D$ into one real dimensional curves such that any function $f\in {C^1(D)}$ which can be extended holomorphically into some neighborhood of each curve in the foliation will be holomorphic on $D$.
We give a simple and more elementary proof that the notions of Domain of Holomorphy and Weak Domain of Holomorphy are equivalent. This proof is based on a combination of Baire's Category Theorem and Montel's Theorem. We also obtain generalizations by demanding that the non-extentable functions belong to a particular class of holomorphic functions in the domain. We give an example of a domain in the plane which is a domain of holomorphy with respect to the class of all holomorphic functions but not with respect to the class of holomorphic functions continuously extendable on the closure of the …
We study the extension of holomorphic functions of bounded type defined on an open subset of a Banach space, to larger domains. For this, we first characterize the envelope of holomorphy of a Riemann domain over a Banach space, with respect to the algebra of bounded type holomorphic functions, in terms of the spectrum of the algebra. We then give a simple description of the envelopes of balanced open sets and relate the concepts of domain of holomorphy and polynomial convexity. We show that for bounded balanced sets, extensions to the envelope are always of bounded type, and that this does not…
Given a domain Y in a complex manifold X, it is a difficult problem with no general solution to determine whether Y has a schlicht envelope of holomorphy in X, and if it does, to describe the envelope. The purpose of this paper is to tackle the problem with the help of a smooth 1-dimensional foliation F of X with no compact leaves. We call a domain Y in X an interval domain with respect to F if Y intersects every leaf of F in a nonempty connected set. We show that if X is Stein and if F satisfies a new property called quasiholomorphicity, then every interval domain in X has a schlicht envelope…
We treat the classical concept of domain of holomorphy in $\CC^n$ when the holomorphic functions considered are restricted to lie in some Banach space. Positive and negative results are presented. A new view of the case $n = 1$ is considered.
This is an extensive (published) survey on CR geometry, whose major themes are: formal analytic reflection principle; generic properties of Systems of (CR) vector fields; pairs of foliations and conjugate reflection identities; Sussmann's orbit theorem; local and global aspects of holomorphic extension of CR functions; Tumanov's solution of Bishop's equation in Hoelder classes with optimal loss of smoothness; wedge-extendability on C^2,a generic submanifolds of C^n consisting of a single CR orbit; propagation of CR extendability and edge-of-the-wedge theorem; Painlevé problem; metrically thin …
We give a criterium of holomorphy for some type formal power series. This gives a stronger form of a Rothstein's type extension theorem for a particular ring of holomorphic functions.
We discuss the problem of the existence of envelopes of holomorphy of the A-crosses, which leads us to the far-reaching generalizations of the famous Hartogs theorem. We also take under consideration the issue of the existence of "nice" general descriptions of envelopes of holomorphy of the cross-like objects in terms of the relative extremal function, which seems to be very natural in the light of the extension theory of separately holomorphic functions on classical crosses and (N,k)-crosses.
In the present paper, we associate the techniques of the Lewy-Pinchuk reflection principle with the Behnke-Sommer continuity principle. Extending a so-called reflection function to a parameterized congruence of Segre varieties, we are led to studying the envelope of holomorphy of a certain domain covered by a smooth Levi-flat ``hat''. In our main theorem, we show that every C^infty-smooth CR diffeomorphism h: M to M' between two globally minimal real analytic hypersurfaces in C^n (n >1) is real analytic at every point of M if M' is holomorphically nondegenerate. More generally, we establish th…
We show that several spaces of holomorphic functions on a Riemann domain over a Banach space, including the nuclear and Hilbert-Schmidt bounded type, are locally $m$-convex Fréchet algebras. We prove that the spectrum of these algebras has a natural analytic structure, which we use to characterize the envelope of holomorphy. We also show a Cartan-Thullen type theorem.
A primary goal in this paper is to study the question that asks when a real analytic submanifold $M$ in ${\mathbb{C}}^{n+1}$ bounds a real analytic (up to $M$) Levi-flat hypersurface $\hat{M}$ near $p\in M$ such that $\hat{M}$ is foliated by a family of complex hypersurfaces moving along the normal direction of $M$ at $p$, and gives the invariant local hull of holomorphy of $M$ near $p$. This question is equivalent to the holomorphic flattening problem for $M$ near $p$. We will give an affirmative answer to above question when $p$ is a real complex tangent point with at least one elliptic dire…
We study the holomorphic extendibility of $\text{Op}(p)u$, when $p$ is an analytic symbol, and explicit information is available on the domains of holomorphic extendibility of both $p$ and $u$. By a contour deformation argument, we obtain a precise local estimate of the domain of holomorphy of $\text{Op}(p)u$ in terms of the information on $p$ and $u$.
We extend the concept of a finite dimensional {\it holomorphic homogeneous regular} (HHR) domain and some of its properties to the infinite dimensional setting. In particular, we show that infinite dimensional HHR domains are domains of holomorphy and determine completely the class of infinite dimensional bounded symmetric domains which are HHR. We compute the greatest lower bound of the squeezing function of all HHR bounded symmetric domains, including the two exceptional domains. We also show that uniformly elliptic domains in Hilbert spaces are HHR.
Let S be an arbitrary real surface, with or without boundary, contained in a hypersurface M of the complex euclidean space \C^2, with S and M of class C^{2, a}, where 0 < a < 1. If M is globally minimal, if S is totally real except at finitely many complex tangencies which are hyperbolic in the sense of E. Bishop and if the union of separatrices is a tree of curves without cycles, we show that every compact K of S is CR-, W- and L^p-removable (Theorem~1.3). We treat this seemingly global problem by means of purely local techniques, namely by means of families of small analytic discs partially …
We prove that the envelope of meromorphy of any imbedded symplectic sphere in $CP^2$ coincides with the whole $CP^2$. As a tool for the proof we use the Gromov theory of pseudo-holomorphic curves. Several results in this subject, such as adjunction formula, smoothness of moduli space in the neighborhood of a cusp-curve are improved. We introduce a natural holomorphic structure on the pulled back tangent bundle, in which the differential of a ps.-hol. map in an analytic morphism and describe cusps of ps.-hol. curves using Bennequin index.
Grauert showed that the existence of a complete Kähler metric does not characterize domains of holomorphy by constructing such metrics on the complements of complex analytic sets in a domain of holomorphy. In this note, we study the holomorphic sectional curvatures of such metrics in two prototype cases namely, $\mathbb{C}^n \setminus \{0\}, n \ge 2$ and $\mathbb{B}^N \setminus A$, $N \ge 2$ and $A \subset \mathbb{B}^N$ is a hyperplane of codimension at least two. This is done by computing the Gaussian curvature of its restriction to the leaves of a suitable holomorphic foliation of these two …
Let $D\subset \C^n,$ $G\subset \C^m$ be pseudoconvex domains, let $A$ (resp. $B$) be an open subset of the boundary $\partial D$ (resp. $\partial G$) and let $X$ be the 2-fold cross $((D\cup A)\times B)\cup (A\times(B\cup G)).$ Suppose in addition that the domain $D$ (resp. $G$) is {\it locally $\mathcal{C}^2$ smooth on $A$} (resp. $B$). We shall determine the "envelope of holomorphy" $\hat{X}$ of $X$ in the sense that any function continuous on $X$ and separately holomorphic on $(A\times G) \cup (D\times B)$ extends to a function continuous on $\hat{X}$ and holomorphic on the interior of $\ha…
We show that a disc functional on a complex manifold has a plurisubharmonic envelope if all its pullbacks by holomorphic submersions from domains of holomorphy in affine space do and it is locally bounded above and upper semicontinuous in a certain weak sense. For naturally defined classes of disc functionals on manifolds, this result reduces a property somewhat stronger than having a plurisubharmonic envelope to the affine case. The proof uses a recent Stein neighbourhood construction of Rosay, who proved the plurisubharmonicity of the Poisson envelope on all manifolds. As a consequence, the …
The Cœuré-Loeb example as an open subset of a Stein space
University of Bucharest, Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science（布加勒斯特大学数学与计算机科学学院）；Institute of Mathematics “Simion Stoilow” of the Romanian Academy（罗马尼亚科学院西米翁·斯托伊洛瓦数学研究所）
We investigate certain envelopes of open sets in dual Banach spaces which are related to extending holomorphic functions. We give a variety of examples of absolutely convex sets showing that the extension is in many cases not possible. We also establish connections to the study of iterated weak* sequential closures of convex sets in the dual of separable spaces.
Given a domain of holomorphy $D$ in $\mathbb{C}^N$, $N\geq 2$, we show that the set of holomorphic functions in $D$ whose cluster sets along any finite length paths to the boundary of $D$ is maximal, is residual, densely lineable and spaceable in the space $\mathcal{O}(D)$ of holomorphic functions in $D$. Besides, if $D$ is a strictly pseudoconvex domain in $\mathbb{C}^N$, and if a suitable family of smooth curves $γ(x,r)$, $x\in bD$, $r\in [0,1)$, ending at a point of $bD$ is given, then we exhibit a spaceable, densely lineable and residual subset of $\mathcal{O}(D)$, every element $f$ of whi…
Let $D_j\subset\Bbb C^{k_j}$ be a pseudoconvex domain and let $A_j\subset D_j$ be a locally pluripolar set, $j=1,...,N$. Put$$X:=\bigcup_{j=1}^N A_1\times...\times A_{j-1}\times D_j\times A_{j+1}\times...\times A_N\subset\Bbb C^{k_1+...+k_N}.$$Let $U$ be an open connected neighborhood of $X$ and let $M\varsubsetneq U$ be an analytic subset. Then there exists an analytic subset $\hat M$ of the `envelope of holomorphy' $\hat X$ of $X$ with $\hat M\cap X\subset M$ such that for every function $f$ separately holomorphic on $X\setminus M$ there exists an $\hat f$ holomorphic on $\hat X\setminus\hat…
Let $D, G\subset{\Bbb C}$ be domains, let $A\subset D$, $B\subset G$ be locally regular sets, and let $X:=(D\times B)\cup(A\times G)$. Assume that $A$ is a Borel set. Let $M$ be a proper analytic subset of an open neighborhood of $X$. Then there exists a pure 1-dimensional analytic subset $\hat M$ of the envelope of holomorphy $\hat X$ of $X$ such that any function separately holomorphic on $X\setminus M$ extends to a holomorphic function on $\hat X\setminus\hat M$. The result generalizes special cases which were studied in \cite{Ökt 1998}, \cite{Ökt 1999a}, and \cite{Sic 2000}.
We give two sufficient criteria for schlichtness of envelopes of holomorphy in terms of topology. These are weakened converses of results of Kerner and Royden. Our first criterion generalizes a result of Hammond in dimension 2. Along the way we also prove a generalization of Royden's theorem.
In this paper we investigate proper $\mbb{R}$--actions on hyperbolic Stein surfaces and prove in particular the following result: Let $D\subset\mbb{C}^2$ be a simply-connected bounded domain of holomorphy which admits a proper $\mbb{R}$--action by holomorphic transformations. The quotient $D/\mbb{Z}$ with respect to the induced proper $\mbb{Z}$--action is a Stein manifold. A normal form for the domain $D$ is deduced.
Let Y be an infinite covering space of a projective manifold M in P^N of dimension n geq 2. Let C be the intersection with M of at most n-1 generic hypersurfaces of degree d in P^N. The preimage X of C in Y is a connected submanifold. Let phi be the smoothed distance from a fixed point in Y in a metric pulled up from M. Let O_phi(X) be the Hilbert space of holomorphic functions f on X such that f^2 e^(-phi) is integrable on X, and define O_phi(Y) similarly. Our main result is that (under more general hypotheses than described here) the restriction O_phi(Y) to O_phi(X) is an isomorphism for d l…
Chapter 1 deals with the problem of the existence of an upper/lower envelope from a convex cone or, more generally, a convex set for functions on the projective limit of vector lattices with values in the completion of the Kantorovich space or on the extended real line. Vector, ordinal and topological dual interpretations of the existence conditions of such envelope and the method of its construction are given. Chapter 2 presents applications to the existence of a nontrivial (pluri)subharmonic and/or (pluri) harmonic minorant for functions in domains from finite-dimensional real or complex spa…
We study the envelopes of meromorphy of neighborhoods of symplectically immersed two-spheres in complex Kähler surfaces using the Gromov's theory of pseudoholomorphic curves. The construction of a complete family of holomorphic deformations of a non-compact complex curve in a complex manifold, parametrized by a finite codimension analytic subset of a Banach ball, is given. The existence of this family is used to prove a generalization of Levi's continuity principle, which is applied to describe envelopes of meromorphy.
Cartan-Thullen theorem is a basic one in the theory of analytic functions of several complex variables. It states that for any open set $U$ of ${\mathbb C}^k$, the following conditions are equivalent: (a) $U$ is a domain of existence, (b) $U$ is a domain of holomorphy and (c) $U$ is holomorphically convex. On the other hand, when $f \, (\, =(f_1,f_2,\cdots,f_n)\, )$ is a $\mathbb C^n$-valued function on an open set $U$ of $\mathbb C^{k_1}\times\mathbb C^{k_2}\times\cdots\times\mathbb C^{k_n}$, $f$ is said to be $\mathbb C^n$-analytic, if $f$ is complex analytic and for any $i$ and $j$, $i\not=…
We consider the bulk algebra and topological D-brane category arising from the differential model of the open-closed B-type topological Landau-Ginzburg theory defined by a pair $(X,W)$, where $X$ is a non-compact Calabi-Yau manifold and $W$ has compact critical set. When $X$ is a Stein manifold (but not restricted to be a domain of holomorphy), we extract equivalent descriptions of the bulk algebra and of the category of topological D-branes which are constructed using only the analytic space associated to $X$. In particular, we show that the D-brane category is described by projective matrix …
A simple characterization is given of open subsets of a complex surface that smoothly perturb to Stein open subsets. As applications, complex 2-space C^2 contains domains of holomorphy (Stein open subsets) that are exotic R^4's, and others homotopy equivalent to the 2-sphere but cut out by smooth, compact 3-manifolds. Pseudoconvex embeddings of Brieskorn spheres and other 3-manifolds into complex surfaces are constructed, as are pseudoconcave holomorphic fillings (with disagreeing contact and boundary orientations). Pseudoconcave complex structures on Milnor fibers are found. A byproduct of th…
This paper studies first the differential inequalities that make it possible to build a global theory of pseudo-holomorphic functions in the case of one or several complex variables. In the case of one complex dimension, we prove that the differential inequalities describing pseudo-holomorphic functions can be used to define a one-real-dimensional manifold (by the vanishing of a function with nonzero gradient), which is here a 1-parameter family of plane curves. On studying the associated envelopes, such a parameter can be eliminated by solving two nonlinear partial differential equations. The…
For a non-simply connected domain Omega in C and f a holomorphic function on Omega we prove that f admits one-valued primitives of any order in Omega, if and only if, it extends holomorphically in the simply connected envelope of Omega . This leads to a generalization of the F. and M. Riesz theorem.
Given a quadratic CR manifold $\mathcal{M}$ embedded in a complex space, and a holomorphic function $f$ on a tubular neighbourhood of $\mathcal{M}$, we show that the $L^p$-norms of the restriction of $f$ to the translates of $\mathcal{M}$ is decreasing for the ordering induced by the closed convex envelope of the image of the Levi form of $\mathcal{M}$.
