经典逻辑与量子概念思维：经济学、决策论和概念论中的例子
Classical Logical versus Quantum Conceptual Thought: Examples in Economics, Decision theory and Concept Theory
摘要：
受概念及其析取和合取模型的量子力学形式主义的启发，本文提出了一个具体的假设。也就是说，在人类思想中，可以区分出两个重叠的层次：（1）一个层次是由一个潜在的古典确定性过程所形成的，它包含了基本上逻辑思维和由古典概率论建模的非确定性版本;（ii）在周围概念景观的整体影响下形成的层，不同的概念作为单独的实体，而不是其他概念的（逻辑）组合，具有可测量的数量，如“典型性”，“成员资格”，“代表性”，“相似性”，“适用性”，“偏好”或“效用"的影响。我们把这第二层的过程称为“量子概念思维”，它本质上是不确定的，包含整体的方面，但与逻辑思维相比，尽管非常不同，但同样有组织。“量子概念思维过程”的很大一部分可以通过量子力学概率和数学结构来建模。我们考虑三个特定领域的研究，量子概念思维的存在及其偏离经典逻辑思维的影响已经注意到和研究，即经济学，决策理论和概念理论，并为我们的假设提供实验证据。
英文摘要：
Inspired by a quantum mechanical formalism to model concepts and their disjunctions and conjunctions, we put forward in this paper a specific hypothesis. Namely that within human thought two superposed layers can be distinguished: (i) a layer given form by an underlying classical deterministic process, incorporating essentially logical thought and its indeterministic version modeled by classical probability theory; (ii) a layer given form under influence of the totality of the surrounding conceptual landscape, where the different concepts figure as individual entities rather than (logical) combinations of others, with measurable quantities such as 'typicality', 'membership', 'representativeness', 'similarity', 'applicability', 'preference' or 'utility' carrying the influences. We call the process in this second layer 'quantum conceptual thought', which is indeterministic in essence, and contains holistic aspects, but is equally well, although very differently, organized than logical thought. A substantial part of the 'quantum conceptual thought process' can be modeled by quantum mechanical probabilistic and mathematical structures. We consider examples of three specific domains of research where the effects of the presence of quantum conceptual thought and its deviations from classical logical thought have been noticed and studied, i.e. economics, decision theory, and concept theories and which provide experimental evidence for our hypothesis.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
