增强了基本图和流经瓶颈的经验数据
Enhanced empirical data for the fundamental diagram and the flow through bottlenecks
摘要：
近年来，已经提出并应用了几种模拟行人动力学的方法，例如用于出口路线的设计。然而，到目前为止，没有太多的注意力已经支付给他们的“定量”验证。这种不令人满意的情况属于不确定和矛盾的实验数据基础。基本图，即流量或速度的密度依赖性，可能是最重要的关系，因为它连接了描述人群动态的基本参数。但不同手册中的规格以及实验测量结果差异很大。瓶颈流也是如此。经过全面审查的实验数据库，我们给出了一个调查的研究项目，包括实验多达250人进行良好控制的实验室条件下。高精度测量每个人的轨迹，以分析基本图和通过瓶颈的流量。轨迹允许研究测量的方式如何影响所产生的关系。令人惊讶的是，我们发现这些方法之间存在很大的偏差。这可能是上述文献中出现偏差的原因。这些结果对于比较不同背景下获得的实验数据和验证模型具有特别重要的意义。
英文摘要：
In recent years, several approaches for modelling pedestrian dynamics have been proposed and applied e.g. for design of egress routes. However, so far not much attention has been paid to their 'quantitative' validation. This unsatisfactory situation belongs amongst others on the uncertain and contradictory experimental data base. The fundamental diagram, i.e. the density-dependence of the flow or velocity, is probably the most important relation as it connects the basic parameter to describe the dynamic of crowds. But specifications in different handbooks as well as experimental measurements differ considerably. The same is true for the bottleneck flow. After a comprehensive review of the experimental data base we give an survey of a research project, including experiments with up to 250 persons performed under well controlled laboratory conditions. The trajectories of each person are measured in high precision to analyze the fundamental diagram and the flow through bottlenecks. The trajectories allow to study how the way of measurement influences the resulting relations. Surprisingly we found large deviation amongst the methods. These may be responsible for the deviation in the literature mentioned above. The results are of particular importance for the comparison of experimental data gained in different contexts and for the validation of models.
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