高速公路瓶颈区自由流中自发和诱导交通故障的经验特征
Empirical Features of Spontaneous and Induced Traffic Breakdowns in Free Flow at Highway Bottlenecks
摘要：
基于1996- 2014年通过安装在德国高速公路上的道路检测器测量的真实现场交通数据的实证研究，我们揭示了高速公路瓶颈处自由流自发交通故障的经验核的物理特征。它表明，一个核心的交通故障的来源是唯一的区别经验自发和诱导交通故障在高速公路瓶颈。微观交通模拟与随机交通流模型的三相理论的框架解释了实证研究结果。事实证明，在大多数情况下，一个核的经验自发交通故障发生通过一个波的相互作用，在自由流与经验的永久性速度扰动本地化的高速公路瓶颈。波是自由流中的一种局部化结构，在自由流中，总流量较大，而穿过公路的平均速度小于波外的速度。自由流中的波是由于慢速车辆百分比的振荡而出现的;这些波以自由流中慢速车辆的平均速率传播（德国高速公路约为85- 88 km/h）。任何一种波都具有二维非对称时空结构：不同车道上的波的特征不同。
英文摘要：
Based on an empirical study of real field traffic data measured in 1996--2014 through road detectors installed on German freeways, we reveal physical features of empirical nuclei for spontaneous traffic breakdown in free flow at highway bottlenecks. It is shown that the source of a nucleus for traffic breakdown is the solely difference between empirical spontaneous and induced traffic breakdowns at a highway bottleneck. Microscopic traffic simulations with a stochastic traffic flow model in the framework of three-phase theory explain the empirical findings. It turns out that in the most cases, a nucleus for empirical spontaneous traffic breakdown occurs through an interaction of one of waves in free flow with an empirical permanent speed disturbance localized at a highway bottleneck. The wave is a localized structure in free flow, in which the total flow rate is larger and the speed averaged across the highway is smaller than outside the wave. The waves in free flow appear due to oscilations in the percentage of slow vehicles; these waves propagate with the average speed of slow vehicles in free flow (about 85--88 km/h for German highways). Any of the waves exhibits a two-dimensional asymmetric spatiotemporal structure: Wave's characteristics are different in different highway lanes.
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