理解广泛分散的交通流、容量下降、排队和碰撞时间作为方差驱动的时间间隔的影响
Understanding widely scattered traffic flows, the capacity drop, platoons, and times-to-collision as effects of variance-driven time gaps
摘要：
我们研究了车辆跟驰模型中车头时距作为局部速度方差的函数的自适应性，局部速度方差是交通流不均匀性的度量。我们将此机制应用到几个跟驰模型中，并模拟了以入口匝道为瓶颈的开放系统中的交通故障。由几个“虚拟探测器”产生的单车数据与荷兰A9高速公路的微观数据显示出半定量的一致性。这包括观察到的分布的净时间车头时距和时间碰撞的自由和拥挤的交通。虽然碰撞时间在自由和拥挤的交通中显示出几乎普遍的分布，但在拥挤的条件下，时间车头时距分布的模态值被移动了约2倍。从宏观上讲，这对应于从自由到拥挤的交通过渡的“容量下降”。最后，我们解释了广泛的散射一分钟的流量密度数据的自组织方差驱动的过程，导致自发形成和衰变的长寿命的排，即使在一个单一的车道上的确定性动力学。
英文摘要：
We investigate the adaptation of the time headways in car-following models as a function of the local velocity variance, which is a measure of the inhomogeneity of traffic flow. We apply this mechanism to several car-following models and simulate traffic breakdowns in open systems with an on-ramp as bottleneck. Single-vehicle data generated by several 'virtual detectors' show a semi-quantitative agreement with microscopic data from the Dutch freeway A9. This includes the observed distributions of the net time headways and times-to-collision for free and congested traffic. While the times-to-collision show a nearly universal distribution in free and congested traffic, the modal value of the time headway distribution is shifted by a factor of about two in congested conditions. Macroscopically, this corresponds to the 'capacity drop' at the transition from free to congested traffic. Finally, we explain the wide scattering of one-minute flow-density data by a self-organized variance-driven process that leads to the spontaneous formation and decay of long-lived platoons even for deterministic dynamics on a single lane.
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