行人动力学的经验结果及其对元胞自动机模型的影响
Empirical results for pedestrian dynamics and their implications for cellular automata models
摘要：
多年来，已经开发了大量的行人动力学模型。然而，到目前为止，还没有太多的注意到他们的定量验证。通常，重点是再现经验观察到的集体现象，如逆流中的车道形成。这可以给出模型的真实性的指示，但是实际应用，例如在安全分析中，需要定量预测。我们讨论了目前的实验情况，特别是对于基本图，这是校准所需的最重要的量。此外，我们考虑了基于元胞自动机的建模的影响。作为具体的例子，介绍了地板场模型。除了它的基本图的属性，我们讨论了出口实验的冲突和摩擦效应的相关性的影响。
英文摘要：
A large number of models for pedestrian dynamics have been developed over the years. However, so far not much attention has been paid to their quantitative validation. Usually the focus is on the reproduction of empirically observed collective phenomena, as lane formation in counterflow. This can give an indication for the realism of the model, but practical applications, e.g. in safety analysis, require quantitative predictions. We discuss the current experimental situation, especially for the fundamental diagram which is the most important quantity needed for calibration. In addition we consider the implications for the modelling based on cellular automata. As specific example the floor field model is introduced. Apart from the properties of its fundamental diagram we discuss the implications of an egress experiment for the relevance of conflicts and friction effects.
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