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arXiv 0810.1681astro-ph
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椭球星系的结构与形成

Structure and Formation of Elliptical and Spheroidal Galaxies

John Kormendy, David B. Fisher, Mark E. Cornell, Ralf Bender

摘要:

新的表面光度学的所有已知的椭圆星系的室女星系团被添加到已公布的数据,以获得在大的动态范围内的复合配置文件。Sersic函数非常适合它们。有效的亮度和半径通过Sersic拟合和非参数化积分的配置文件。(1)从cDs到M32的椭圆星系在基本面参数空间中形成一个紧密的序列,该序列几乎垂直于从NGC 205到天龙座的球状星系序列。这与我们对它们不同形成过程的理解是一致的:Es合并和晚型星系通过环境效应和超新星的能量反馈转化为椭球体。(2)椭圆机有两种类型:例如,我们的10个最亮的E具有尖形核心;我们的17个较暗的E没有核心。我们发现了一个新的独特的组成部分,在无核E。所有这些都在外部Sersic轮廓向内外推的中心处有额外的光。我们认为,额外的光是由星爆耗散(湿)合并,在数值模拟。其他三个新的方面也指出了如何形成的E-E二分法的解释:额外的轻Es湿合并,而核心Es干合并。我们证实,核心Es做和额外的轻Es一般不包含X射线气体。这就解释了为什么会出现E-E二分法。只有核心Es和它们的祖先质量足够大,可以保留热气体,使干合并干燥,并保护老恒星群体免受后期恒星形成的影响。

英文摘要:

New surface photometry of all known elliptical galaxies in the Virgo cluster is added to published data to derive composite profiles over large dynamic ranges. Sersic functions fit them remarkably well. Effective brightnesses and radii are derived via Sersic fits and by integrating the profiles nonparametrically. We strongly confirm two dichotomies: (1) Elliptical galaxies from cDs to M32 form a tight sequence in Fundamental Plane parameter space that is almost perpendicular to the sequence of spheroidal galaxies from NGC 205 to Draco. This is consistent with our understanding of their different formation processes: mergers for Es and conversion of late-type galaxies into spheroidals by environmental effects and by energy feedback from supernovae. (2) Ellipticals come in two varieties: e.g., our 10 brightest Es have cuspy cores; our 17 fainter Es do not have cores. We find a new distinct component in coreless Es. All have extra light at the center above the inward extrapolation of the outer Sersic profile. We suggest that extra light is made by starbursts in dissipational (wet) mergers, as in numerical simulations. Three other new aspects also point to an explanation of how the E-E dichotomy formed: extra light Es were made in wet mergers while core Es were made in dry mergers. We confirm that core Es do and extra light Es generally do not contain X-ray gas. This suggests why the E-E dichotomy arose. Only core Es and their progenitors are massive enough to retain hot gas that can make dry mergers dry and protect old star populations from late star formation.

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