在引力坍缩中形成的双星层
Dyadosphere formed in gravitational collapse
摘要：
我们首先回顾一下Dyadosphere的概念（形成黑洞周围的电子-正电子-光子等离子体）及其动力学，并回顾了（i）Dirac过程：电子-正电子对湮灭为光子，（ii）Breit-Wheeler过程：能量大于电子-正电子质量阈值的光子产生电子-正电子对，（iii）电子-正电子相互作用过程。在恒定电场中电子-正电子产生过程的Sauter-Euler-Heisenberg有效拉格朗日量和速率。本文给出了量子力学隧穿半经典处理中电子对产生率的一般公式。在量子电动力学的框架下，我们还计算了恒定电磁场的施温格速率和有效拉格朗日量。本文综述了等离子体在恒定电场中的电子-正电子振荡及其与光子的相互作用导致的光子、电子和正电子的能量均分和数均分。指出了在天体物理条件下产生超临界场的可能性。本文讨论和计算了（i）引力坍缩的能量提取，（ii）引力坍缩过程中双星球的形成，（iii）双星球在Reissner Nordström几何中的流体动力学膨胀.计算了透明点处的光子辐射能谱和辐射通量，并对短伽马射线暴进行了预测。
英文摘要：
We first recall the concept of Dyadosphere (electron-positron-photon plasma around a formed black holes) and its motivation, and recall on (i) the Dirac process: annihilation of electron-positron pairs to photons; (ii) the Breit-Wheeler process: production of electron-positron pairs by photons with the energy larger than electron-positron mass threshold; the Sauter-Euler-Heisenberg effective Lagrangian and rate for the process of electron-positron production in a constant electric field. We present a general formula for the pair-production rate in the semi-classical treatment of quantum mechanical tunneling. We also present in the Quantum Electro-Dynamics framework, the calculations of the Schwinger rate and effective Lagrangian for constant electromagnetic fields. We give a review on the electron-positron plasma oscillation in constant electric fields, and its interaction with photons leading to energy and number equipartition of photons, electrons and positrons. The possibility of creating an overcritical field in astrophysical condition is pointed out. We present the discussions and calculations on (i) energy extraction from gravitational collapse; (ii) the formation of Dyadosphere in gravitational collapsing process, and (iii) its hydrodynamical expansion in Reissner Nordström geometry. We calculate the spectrum and flux of photon radiation at the point of transparency, and make predictions for short Gamma-Ray Bursts.
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