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arXiv 0812.3656astro-ph
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白矮星吸积坍缩形成的吸积盘的富镍流出

Nickel-Rich Outflows from Accretion Disks Formed by the Accretion-Induced Collapse of White Dwarfs

B. D. Metzger, A. L. Piro, E. Quataert

摘要:

一颗接近于克拉塞卡质量的白矮星(WD)在热核爆炸前,可能会在几种情况下经历吸积诱导坍缩(AIC)而成为一颗中子星(NS)。一般认为AIC不会产生可探测的超新星(SN)。然而,如果WD的前身是快速旋转的(这可能是由于它之前的吸积所导致的),那么在坍缩时会在NS周围形成一个由离心力支撑的圆盘。我们使用Dessart等人(2006)的AIC计算的初始条件,使用与时间相关的高度积分模拟来计算这个吸积盘的后续演化。最初,盘被中微子冷却,其成分被电子捕获驱动为富中子(电子分数Ye ~ 0.1)。然而,随着圆盘的粘性扩散,它会受到来自中央原NS的中微子的照射,这会极大地改变它的中子与质子的比例。我们发现,电子中微子捕获增加到约0.5的时候,在磁盘中的弱相互作用冻结。由于圆盘的辐射效率降低,在冻结后不久就开始形成α粒子,强风会吹走圆盘的大部分剩余质量。这些Ye ~(0.5)流出物在~(56)Ni中合成了几倍于1 e ~(-2)Msun。因此,AIC可能伴随放射性供电的SN样瞬变,其在约1天的时间尺度上达到峰值。由于很少有中等质量的元素可能是合成的,这些富镍爆炸应该是光谱不同于其他SNe。如果PanSTARRs和Palomar瞬变工厂的真实发生率约为Ia型发生率的1/100,则它们每年应检测到少量AIC瞬变,而LSST每年应检测到数百个。高节奏观察(< 1天)对于AIC的检测和随访是最佳的。

英文摘要:

A white dwarf (WD) approaching the Chandrasekhar mass may in several cases undergo accretion-induced collapse (AIC) to a neutron star (NS) before a thermonuclear explosion ensues. It has generally been assumed that AIC does not produce a detectable supernova (SN). If, however, the progenitor WD is rapidly rotating (as may be expected due to its prior accretion), a centrifugally supported disk forms around the NS upon collapse. We calculate the subsequent evolution of this accretion disk using time-dependent height-integrated simulations with initial conditions taken from the AIC calculations of Dessart et al. (2006). Initially, the disk is cooled by neutrinos and its composition is driven neutron-rich (electron fraction Ye ~ 0.1) by electron captures. However, as the disk viscously spreads, it is irradiated by neutrinos from the central proto-NS, which dramatically alters its neutron-to-proton ratio. We find that electron neutrino captures increase Ye to ~ 0.5 by the time that weak interactions in the disk freeze out. Because the disk becomes radiatively inefficient and begins forming alpha-particles soon after freeze out, powerful winds blow away most of the disk's remaining mass. These Ye ~ 0.5 outflows synthesize up to a few times 1e-2 Msun in 56Ni. As a result, AIC may be accompanied by a radioactively powered SN-like transient that peaks on a timescale of ~ 1 day. Since few intermediate mass elements are likely synthesized, these Ni-rich explosions should be spectroscopically distinct from other SNe. PanSTARRs and the Palomar Transient Factory should detect a few AIC transients per year if their true rate is ~1/100 of the Type Ia rate, and LSST should detect hundreds per year. High cadence observations (< 1 day) are optimal for the detection and follow-up of AIC (abridged).

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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