We numerically demonstrate that a supersolid phase exists in a frustrated hard-core boson system on a triangular lattice over a wide range of interaction strength. In the infinite repulsion (Ising) limit, we establish a mapping to the same problem with unfrustrated hopping, which connects the supersolid to the known results in that case. The weak superfluidity can be destroyed or strongly enhanced by a next nearest neighbor hopping term, which provides valuable information for experimental realization of a supersolid phase on optical lattice.
By means of the recently developed algorithm based on the tensor product states, the magnetization process of frustrated spin-1/2 spin-dimer models on a square lattice is investigated. Various field-induced quantum phases are discovered. In particular, clear evidence of a supersolid phase over a finite regime of magnetic field is observed. Critical fields at various field-induced transitions are determined accurately. Our work not only implies that the employed numerical technique can be an efficient algorithm even for the frustrated spin systems, but also shed light on the search of the super…
We show that correlated hopping of triplets, which is often the dominant source of kinetic energy in dimer-based frustrated quantum magnets, produces a remarkably strong tendency to form supersolid phases in a magnetic field. These phases are characterized by simultaneous modulation and ordering of the longitudinal and transverse magnetization respectively. Using Quantum Monte Carlo and a semiclassical approach for an effective hard-core boson model with nearest-neighbor repulsion on a square lattice, we prove in particular that a supersolid phase can exist even if the repulsion is not strong …
We investigate the competition between spin-supersolidity and phase separation in a frustrated spin-half model of weakly coupled dimers. We start by considering systems of hard-core bosons on the square lattice, onto which the low-energy physics of the herein investigated spin model can be mapped, and devise a criterion for gauging the interplay between supersolid order and domain wall formation based on strong coupling arguments. Effective bosonic models for the spin model are derived via the contractor renormalization (CORE) algorithm and we propose to combine a self-consistent cluster mean-…
We have systematically studied the hard-core Bose-Hubbard model with correlated hopping on a triangular lattice using density-matrix renormalization group method. A rich ground state phase diagram is determined. In this phase diagram there is a supersolid phase and a pair superfluid phase due to the interplay between the ordinary frustrated boson hopping and an unusual correlated hopping. In particular, we find that the quantum phase transition between the supersolid phase and the pair superfluid phase is continuous.
We study the interplay of Mott localization, geometric frustration, and superfluidity for hard-core bosons with nearest-neighbor repulsion on the triangular lattice. For this model at half-filling, we demonstrate that superfluidity survives for arbitrarily large repulsion, and that diagonal solid order emerges in the strongly correlated regime from an order-by-disorder mechanism. This is thus an unusual example of a stable supersolid phase of hard-core lattice bosons at a commensurate filling.
We study the spin-1/2 XXZ model on the triangular lattice with a nearest neighbor antiferromagnetic Ising coupling $J_z>0$ and unfrustrated ($J_\perp<0$) or frustrated ($J_\perp>0$) kinetic terms in zero magnetic field. Incorporating long-range Jastrow correlations over a mean field spin state, we obtain the variational phase diagram of this model on large lattices for arbitrary $J_z$ and either sign of $J_\perp$. For $J_\perp<0$, we find a $\sqrt{3}\times\sqrt{3}$ supersolid for $J_z/|J_\perp| \gtrsim 4.7$, in excellent agreement with quantum Monte Carlo data. For $J_\perp >0$, a distinct $\s…
Using large-scale quantum Monte Carlo simulations we study bosons hopping on a triangular lattice with nearest (V) and next-nearest (V') neighbor repulsive interactions. In the limit where V=0 but V' is large, we find an example of an unusual period-three striped supersolid state that is stable at 1/2-filling. We discuss the relationship of this state to others on the rich ground-state phase diagram, which include a previously-discovered nearest-neighbor supersolid, a uniform superfluid, as well as several Mott insulating phases. We study several superfluid- and supersolid-to-Mott phase transi…
We study a model of hard-core bosons with frustrated nearest-neighbor hopping ($t$) and repulsion ($V$) on the triangular lattice. We argue for a supersolid ground state in the large repulsion ($V\gg|t|$) limit where a dimer representation applies, by constructing a unitary mapping to the well understood unfrustrated hopping case. This generalized 'Marshall sign rule' allows us to establish the precise nature of the supersolid order by utilizing a recently proposed dimer variational wavefunction, whose correlations can be efficiently calculated using the Grassman approach. By continuity, a sup…
The majority of magnetic materials possess some degree of magnetic anisotropy, either at the level of a single ion, or in the exchange interactions between different magnetic ions. Where these exchange interactions are also frustrated, the competition between them and anisotropy can stabilize a wide variety of new phases in applied magnetic field. Motivated by the hexagonal delafossite 2H-AgNiO 2, we study the Heisenberg antiferromagnet on a layered triangular lattice with competing first- and second-neighbour interactions and single-ion easy-axis anisotropy. Using a combination of classical M…
A microscopic design rule for spin supersolids in triangular-lattice magnets
Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency（日本原子力机构先进科学研究中心）；RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS)（理化学研究所 emergent matter science 中心）
We study hard-core bosons with unfrustrated hopping ($t$) and nearest neighbour repulsion ($U$) on the triangular lattice. At half-filling, the system undergoes a zero temperature ($T$) quantum phase transition from a superfluid phase at small $U$ to a supersolid at $U_c \approx 4.45$ in units of $2t$. This supersolid phase breaks the lattice translation symmetry in a characteristic $\sqrt{3} \times \sqrt{3}$ pattern, and is remarkably stable--indeed, a smooth extrapolation of our results indicates that the supersolid phase persists for arbitrarily large $U/t$.
We study the ground state properties of a frustrated two-species mixture of hard-core bosons on a triangular lattice, as a function of tunable amplitudes for tunnelling and interactions. By combining three different methods, a self-consistent cluster mean-field, exact diagonalizations and effective theories, we unravel a very rich and complex phase diagram. More specifically, we discuss the existence of three original mixture supersolids: (i) a commensurate with frozen densities and supersolidity in spin degrees of freedom, in a regime of strong interspecies interactions; and (ii) when this in…
We use quantum Monte Carlo methods to demonstrate that the quantum phase diagram of the S=1 Heisenberg model with uniaxial anisotropy contains an extended supersolid phase. We also show that this Hamiltonian is a particular case of a more general and ubiquitous model that describes the low energy spectrum of a class of {\it isotropic} and {\it frustrated} spin systems. This crucial result provides the required guidance for finding experimental realizations of a spin supersolid state.
We present a variational wavefunction which explains the behaviour of the supersolid state formed by hard-core bosons on the triangular lattice. The wavefunction is a linear superposition of {\em only and all} configurations minimising the repulsion between the bosons (which it thus implements as a hard constraint). Its properties can be evaluated exactly--in particular, the variational minimisation of the energy yields (i) the surprising and initially controversial spontaneous density deviation from half-filling (ii) a quantitatively accurate estimate of the corresponding density wave (solid)…
We investigate the interplay between commensurate lock-in and incommensurate supersolid phases of the hardcore bosons at half-filling with anisotropic nearest-neighbor hopping and repulsive interactions on triangular lattice. We use numerical quantum and variational Monte Carlo as well as analytical Schwinger boson mean-field analysis to establish the ground states and phase diagram. It is shown that, for finite size systems, there exist a series of jumps between different supersolid phases as the anisotropy parameter is changed. The density ordering wavevectors are locked to commensurate valu…
We study the extended Jaynes-Cummings-Hubbard model on triangular cavity lattices and zigzag ladders. By using density-matrix renormalization group methods, we observe various types of solids with different density patterns and find evidence for light supersolids, which exist in extended regions of the phase diagram of the zigzag ladder. Furthermore, we observe strong pair correlations in the supersolid phase due to the interplay between the atoms in the cavities and atom-photon interaction. By means of cluster mean-field simulations and a scaling of the cluster size extending our analysis to …
Hard-core bosons on a triangular lattice with nearest neighbor repulsion are a prototypical example of a system with supersolid behavior on a lattice. We show that in this model the physical origin of the supersolid phase can be understood quantitatively and analytically by constructing quasiparticle excitations of defects that are moving on an ordered background. The location of the solid to supersolid phase transition line is predicted from the effective model for both positive and negative (frustrated) hopping parameters. For positive hopping parameters the calculations agree very accuratel…
Dynamical signatures of Hardcore-Boson Supersolid on the Triangular Lattice
Nanjing University of Science and Technology（南京理工大学）；Beihang University（北京航空航天大学）；RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS)（理化学研究所凝聚物质科学中心）；Beijing Normal University（北京师范大学）；University of California, Davis（加州大学戴维斯分校）
We study the softcore extended Bose Hubbard model in a two-dimensional triangular lattice by using the quantum Monte Carlo methods. The ground state phase diagram of the system exhibits a very fruitful structure. Except the Mott insulating state, four kinds of solid states with respect to the commensurate filling factors $ρ=1/3,2/3$ and $ρ=1$ are identified. Two of them (CDW II and CDW III) are newly predicted. In incommensurate fillings, superfluid, spuersolid as well as phase separation states are detected . As in the case for the hardcore bosons, a supersolid phase exists in $1/3<ρ<2/3$ whi…
We use a quantum Monte Carlo method to study the ground state and thermodynamic phase transitions of the spin supersolid phase in the S=1 Heisenberg model with uniaxial anisotropy. The thermal melting of the supersolid phase shows unqiue signatures in experimentally measurable observables. This Hamiltonian is a particular case of a more general and ubiquitous model that describes the low energy spectrum of a class of {\it isotropic} and {\it frustrated} spin systems. We also discuss some alternative realizations of spin supersolid states in real magnets.
We discuss the appearance of supersolid phases for interacting hardcore bosons on the square lattice when, in addition to the standard nearest neighbor hopping and repulsion, correlated or next-nearest neighbor hopping is present. Having in mind dimer-based quantum magnets in a field described by effective bosonic models of this kind, we put special emphasis on a comparison between the different cases of relative signs of the kinetic processes, which correspond to unfrustrated or frustrated magnetic models. In the unfrustrated case, we compare Quantum Monte Carlo simulations with a mean-field …
By using the dual vortex method (DVM), we develop systematically a simple and effective scheme to use the vortex degree of freedoms on dual lattices to characterize the symmetry breaking patterns of the boson insulating states in the direct lattices. Then we apply our scheme to study quantum phases and phase transitions in an extended boson Hubbard model slightly away from $ 1/3 $ ($ 2/3 $) filling on frustrated lattices such as triangular and kagome lattice. In a triangular lattice at $ 1/3 $, we find a X-CDW, a stripe CDW phase which was found perviously by a density operator formalism (DOF)…
We study the magnetic phase diagram and hysteresis behavior of weakly coupled spin dimers on a triangular lattice using the cluster mean-field method with cluster-size scaling. We find that the magnetization curve has plateaus at 1/3 and 2/3 of the total magnetization, in which local singlet and triplet states form a superlattice pattern. Moreover, if increasing (decreasing) the magnetic field from the 1/3 (2/3) plateau, the Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) of triplons occurs on the superlattice background, leading to the transition into magnon supersolid phase. We also find that the first-ord…
By using a state of art tensor network state method, we study the ground-state phase diagram of an extended Bose-Hubbard model on the square lattice with frustrated next-nearest neighboring tunneling. In the hardcore limit, tunneling frustration stabilizes a peculiar half supersolid (HSS) phase with one sublattice being superfluid and the other sublattice being Mott Insulator away from half filling. In the softcore case, the model shows very rich phase diagrams above half filling, including three different types of supersolid phases depending on the interaction parameters. The considered model…
Prototypical models and their material incarnations are cornerstones to the understanding of quantum magnetism. Here we show theoretically that the recently synthesized magnetic compound Na$_2$BaCo(PO$_4$)$_2$ (NBCP) is a rare, nearly ideal material realization of the $S=1/2$ triangular-lattice antiferromagnet with significant easy-axis spin exchange anisotropy. By combining the automatic parameter searching and tensor-network simulations, we establish a microscopic model description of this material with realistic model parameters, which can not only fit well the experimental thermodynamic da…
We investigate the extended hard-core Bose-Hubbard model on the triangular lattice as a function of spatial anisotropy with respect to both tunneling and nearest-neighbor interaction strength. At half-filling the system can be tuned from decoupled one-dimensional chains to a two-dimensional solid phase with alternating density order by adjusting the anisotropic coupling. At intermediate anisotropy, however, frustration effects dominate and an incommensurate supersolid phase emerges, which is characterized by incommensurate density order as well as an anisotropic superfluid density. We demonstr…
Dissipationless dynamics of spin supersolid states in a spin-1/2 triangular antiferromagnet with impurities
RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS)（理化学研究所物质结构理论研究中心）；School of Physics, Beihang University（北京航空航天大学物理学院）；Institute of Theoretical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院理论物理研究所）；Peng Huanwu Collaborative Center for Research and Education, Beihang University（北京航空航天大学彭桓武研究中心）；RIKEN Center for Computational Science (R-CCS)（理化学研究所计算科学中心）；RIKEN Center for Quantum Computing (RQC)（理化学研究所量子计算中心）；RIKEN Pioneering Research Institute (PRI)（理化学所先锋研究本部）；Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency（日本原子力研究机构先进科学研究中心）
Super-Solid phase in a U(2) symmetric S = 1 Magnet on the Triangular Lattice
Renmin University of China（中国人民大学）；Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院物理研究所凝聚态物理国家实验室）；University of Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院大学）
The Heisenberg model on a face center cubic (fcc) lattice is a typical three-dimensional frustrated spin system expected to have magnetization plateaus and supersolid phases. There are model compounds $A_2$CoTeO$_6$ ($A$ = Ca, Sr, Pb) for the fcc lattice but with lattice distortions. Motivated by the presence of the compounds, we investigate the ground state of the spin-1/2 antiferromagnetic Heisenberg model on a tetragonally distorted fcc lattice in the magnetic field using a large-size cluster mean-field method for the sake of finding new supersolid phases. We find five supersolid phases in …
We study the effect of impurities in a supersolid phase in comparison to the behavior in the solid and superfluid phases. A supersolid phase has been established for interacting hardcore bosons on a triangular lattice which may be realizable by ultracold atomic gases. Static vacancies are considered in this model which always lower the magnitude of the order parameter in the solid or superfluid phases. In the supersolid phase, however, the impurities directly affect both order parameters simultaneously and thereby reveal an interesting interplay between them. In particular the solid order may …
We analyze the zero temperature phase diagrams of the spin S quantum antiferromagnet on square and triangular lattices with competing nearest and next-nearest exchange interactions as well as biquadratic couplings. We approach the problem from the large S limit. Our primary focus is on determining the extent to which the existence and character of any quantum disordered phases can be inferred from this approach.
We study novel electronic properties of the Hubbard model on a triangular lattice using the cellular dynamical mean-field theory. The interplay of strong geometric frustration and electron correlations causes a Mott transition at the Hubbard interaction $U/t=10.5$ and an unusual suppression of low energy spin excitations. Doping of a triangular Mott insulator leads to a quasiparticle peak (no pseudogap) at the Fermi surface and to an unexpected increase of low energy spin excitations, in stark contrast to the unfrustrated square lattice case. The present results give much insight into strongly…
This paper examines the relation between the spin-wave instabilities of collinear magnetic phases and the resulting non-collinear phases for a geometrically-frustrated triangular-lattice antiferromagnet in the high spin limit. Using a combination of phenomenological and Monte-Carlo techniques, we demonstrate that the instability wave-vector with the strongest intensity in the collinear phase determines the wave-vector of a cycloid or the dominant elastic peak of a more complex non-collinear phase. Our results are related to the observed multi-ferroic phase of Al-doped CuFeO$_2$.
Magnetic excitations in the triangular-lattice Heisenberg antiferromagnet (TLHA) CuCrO2 were studied using single-crystal inelastic neutron scattering. A diffusive quasielastic component that persisted without developing a correlation length over a wide temperature range both below and above the ordering temperature was observed. Furthermore, characteristic momentum dependence was observed that was reproduced using minimum spin clusters. The robust spin clusters contrast with conventional magnetic ordering and may be universal in TLHAs.
Phases analogous to supersolids can be realized in spin systems. Here we obtain the phase diagram of a frustrated dimer spin-1/2 system on a square lattice and study the collective excitation spectra, focusing on the supersolid state (SS). In the phase diagram on a parameter space of the exchange interaction and magnetic field, we find, on top of the SS phase, a phase that has no counterpart in the Bose Hubbard model and this state becomes dominant at the region where the enhancement of SS occurs in the bose Hubbard model. We then investigate the excitation spectrum and spin- spin correlation,…
We investigate non-equilibrium properties of the frustrated Heisenberg antiferromagnets on the triangular lattice. Nonequilibrium critical relaxation of frustrated Heisenberg antiferromagnets shows a dynamic transition (or, at least, sharp crossover) at the same temperature $T_{\rm u}=0.282 J$ as for static properties due to unbinding of $\mathbb{Z}_2$-vortices. We show that starting from the high-temperature initial state, due to presence of $\mathbb{Z}_2$-vortices in the considering system, in a broad temperature range $T<T_{\rm u}$ the dynamic properties in the intermediate time range are s…
The role of the multiorbital effects on the emergence of frustrated electronic orders on the triangular lattice at half filling is investigated through an extended spinless fermion Hubbard model. By using two complementary approaches, unrestricted Hartree-Fock and exact diagonalizations, we unravel a very rich phase diagram controlled by the strength of both local and off-site Coulomb interactions and by the interorbital hopping anisotropy ratio $t'/t$. Three robust unconventional electronic phases, a pinball liquid, an inverse pinball liquid, and a large-unit-cell $\sqrt{12} \times \sqrt{12}$…
Geometrically frustrated magnets provide abundant opportunities for discovering complex spin textures, which sometimes yield unconventional electromagnetic responses in correlated electron systems. It is theoretically predicted that magnetic frustration may also promote a topologically nontrivial spin state, i.e., magnetic skyrmions, which are nanometric spin vortices. Empirically, however, skyrmions are essentially concomitant with noncentrosymmetric lattice structures or interfacial-symmetry-breaking heterostructures. Here, we report the emergence of a Bloch-type skyrmion state in the frustr…
We investigate the nature of a $Z_2$-invariant XY ring-exchange interaction with a frustrated Ising coupling on the triangular lattice. In the limit of pure XY ring-exchange interaction, we show that the classical ground state is degenerate resulting from the $Z_2$-invariance of the Hamiltonian. Quantum fluctuations lift these classical degenerate ground states and produce an unusual state whose excitation spectrum exhibits a gapped maximum quadratic dispersion near ${\bf k}=0$ and vanishes at the midpoints of each side of the Brillouin zone. This result is in contrast to a gapless quadratic d…
We study ground state properties and excitation spectra for hard-core Bosons on square and triangular lattices, at half filling, using series expansion methods. Nearest-neighbor repulsion between the Bosons leads to the development of short-range density order at the antiferromagnetic wavevector, and simultaneously a roton minima in the density excitation spectra. On the square-lattice, the model maps on to the well studied XXZ model, and the roton gap collapses to zero precisely at the Heisenberg symmetry point, leading to the well known spectra for the Heisenberg antiferromagnet. On the tria…
In the conventional ferromagnetic systems, topological magnon bands and thermal Hall effect are due to the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI). In principle, however, the DMI is either negligible or it is not allowed by symmetry in some quantum magnets. Therefore, we expect that topological magnon features will not be present in those systems. In addition, quantum magnets on the triangular-lattice are not expected to possess topological features as the DMI or spin-chirality cancels out due to equal and opposite contributions from adjacent triangles. Here, however, we predict that the isomo…
We show that the two-dimensional density-matrix renormalization analysis is useful to detect the symmetry breaking in the fermionic model on a triangular lattice. Under the cylindrical boundary conditions with chemical potentials on edge sites, we find that the open edges work as perturbation to select the strongest correlations {\it only in the presence of a long range order}. We also demonstrate that the ordinary size scaling analysis on the charge gap as well as that of the local charge density under this boundary condition could determine the metal-insulator phase boundary, which scales al…
Transverse order and longitudinal fluctuations in a near-Ising spin supersolid
ETH Zürich（苏黎世联邦理工学院）；Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, IRIG, MEM, MDN（格勒诺布尔阿尔卑斯大学）；J-PARC Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency（日本原子力机构J-ARC中心）；Dresden High Magnetic Field Laboratory (HLD-EMFL) and Würzburg-Dresden Cluster of Excellence ctd.qmat, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf（德累斯顿强磁场实验室和维尔茨堡-德累斯特卓越集群ctd.qmat，亥姆霍兹德累斯顿-罗斯多夫中心）；PSI Center for Neutron and Muon Sciences（保罗谢尔研究所中子与μ子科学中心）；Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory（橡树岭国家实验室中子散射部）
Inelastic neutron scattering study on the spin-chain compound Sr$_3$NiIrO$_6$ reveals gapped quasi-1D magnetic excitations. The observed one-magnon band between 29.5 and 39 meV consists of magnon modes of the Ni$^{2+}$ ions. The fitting of the spin wave spectrum reveals strongly coupled Ising-like chains along the $c$-axis that are weakly coupled into a frustrated triangular lattice in the $ab$-plane. The magnetic excitations survive up to 200 K well above the magnetic ordering temperature of $T_N \sim 75$ K, also indicating a quasi-1D nature of the magnetic interactions in Sr$_3$NiIrO$_6$. Ou…
