Reed-Solomon (RS) codes over GF$(2^m)$ have traditionally been the most popular non-binary codes in almost all practical applications. The distance properties of RS codes result in excellent performance under hard-decision bounded-distance decoding. However, efficient and implementable soft decoding for high-rate (about 0.9) RS codes over large fields (GF(256), say) continues to remain a subject of research with a promise of further coding gains. In this work, our objective is to propose and investigate $2^m$-ary codes with non-trivial binary trace codes as an alternative to RS codes. We derive bounds on the rate of a $2^m$-ary code with a non-trivial binary trace code. Then we construct certain subcodes of RS codes over GF($2^m$) that have a non-trivial binary trace with distances and rates meeting the derived bounds. The properties of these subcodes are studied and low-complexity hard-decision and soft-decision decoders are proposed. The decoders are analyzed, and their performance is compared with that of comparable RS codes. Our results suggest that these subcodes of RS codes could be viable alternatives for RS codes in applications.
In this paper, the 3-rank of the incidence matrices of 2-designs supported by the minimum weight codewords in a family of ternary linear codes considered in [C. Ding, C. Li, Infinite families of 2-designs and 3-designs from linear codes, Discrete Mathematics 340(10) (2017) 2415--2431] are computed. A lower bound on the minimum distance of the ternary codes spanned by the incidence matrices of these designs is derived, and it is proved that the codes are subcodes of the 4th order generalized Reed-Muller codes.
This article discusses the security of McEliece-like encryption schemes using subspace subcodes of Reed-Solomon codes, i.e. subcodes of Reed-Solomon codes over $\mathbb{F}_{q^m}$ whose entries lie in a fixed collection of $\mathbb{F}_q$-subspaces of $\mathbb{F}_{q^m}$. These codes appear to be a natural generalisation of Goppa and alternant codes and provide a broader flexibility in designing code based encryption schemes. For the security analysis, we introduce a new operation on codes called the twisted product which yields a polynomial time distinguisher on such subspace subcodes as soon as…
This paper is concerned with the affine-invariant ternary codes which are defined by Hermitian functions. We compute the incidence matrices of 2-designs that are supported by the minimum weight codewords of these ternary codes. The linear codes generated by the rows of these incidence matrix are subcodes of the extended codes of the 4-th order generalized Reed-Muller codes and they also hold 2-designs. Finally, we give the dimensions and lower bound of the minimum weights of these linear codes.
This paper proposes a new class of multi-dimensional nonsystematic Reed-Solomon codes that are constructed based on the multi-dimensional Fourier transform over a finite field. The proposed codes are the extension of the nonsystematic Reed-Solomon codes to multi-dimension. This paper also discusses the performance of the multi-dimensional nonsystematic Reed-Solomon codes.
Maximum distance separable (MDS) codes are optimal where the minimum distance cannot be improved for a given length and code size. Twisted Reed-Solomon codes over finite fields were introduced in 2017, which are generalization of Reed-Solomon codes. Twisted Reed-Solomon codes can be applied in cryptography which prefer the codes with large minimum distance. MDS codes can be constructed from twisted Reed-Solomon codes, and most of them are not equivalent to Reed-Solomon codes. In this paper, we first generalize twisted Reed-Solomon codes to generalized twisted Reed-Solomon codes, then we give s…
In this paper, by calculating the dual code of the Schur square for the standard twisted Reed-Solomon code, we give a sufficient and necessary condition for the generalized twisted Reed-Solomon code with $h+t\le k-1$ to be self-orthogonal, where $k$ is dimension, $h$ is hook and $t$ is twist. And then, we show that there is no self-orthogonal generalized twisted Reed-Solomon code under some conditions. Furthermore, several classes of self-orthogonal generalized twisted Reed-Solomon codes are constructed, and some of these codes are non-GRS self-orthogonal MDS codes or NMDS codes.
We propose an alternative method for collaborative decoding of interleaved Reed-Solomon codes. Simulation results for a concatenated coding scheme using polar codes as inner codes are included.
We present a low-complexity and low-latency decoding algorithm for a class of Reed-Muller (RM) subcodes that are defined based on the product of smaller RM codes. More specifically, the input sequence is shaped as a multi-dimensional array, and the encoding over each dimension is done separately via a smaller RM encoder. Similarly, the decoding is performed over each dimension via a low-complexity decoder for smaller RM codes. The proposed construction is of particular interest to low-capacity channels that are relevant to emerging low-rate communication scenarios. We present an efficient soft…
We define a virtual projection of a Reed-Solomon code $RS(q^{l},n,k)$ to an $RS(q,n,k)$ Reed-Solomon code. A new probabilistic decoding algorithm that can be used to perform fractional decoding beyond the $α$- decoding radius is considered. An upper bound for the failure probability of the new algorithm is given, and the performance is illustrated by examples.
It is well-known that Reed-Solomon codes and extended Reed-Solomon codes are two special classes of MDS codes with wide applications in practice. The complete weight enumerators of these codes are very important for determining the capability of both error-detection and error-correction. In this paper, for any positive integer $m$ and prime $p$, basing on the character sums, we determine the complete weight enumerators of the Reed-Solomon code and the extended Reed-Solomon code with dimension $k$ $(k=2,3)$ over $\mathbb{F}_{p^m}$, explictly, which are generalizations of the corresponding resul…
In this paper, by using some properties for linear algebra methods, the parity-check matrices for twisted generalized Reed-Solomon codes with any given hook $h$ and twist $t$ are presented, and then a sufficient and necessary condition for the twisted generalized Reed-Solomon code with $h\ge t$ to be self-dual is given. Furthermore, several classes of self-dual codes with small Singleton defect are constructed based on twisted generalized Reed-Solomon codes, especially some of these self-dual codes are MDS or NMDS.
We propose to reduce the decoding complexity of polar codes with non-Arikan kernels by employing a (near) ML decoding algorithm for the codes generated by kernel rows. A generalization of the order statistics algorithm is presented for soft decoding of Reed-Solomon codes. Algebraic properties of the Reed-Solomon code are exploited to increase the reprocessing order. The obtained algorithm is used as a building block to obtain a decoder for polar codes with Reed-Solomon kernel.
Generalized Hamming Weights and Subcode Support Weight Distributions of Twisted Reed-Solomon Codes
College of Information Science and Technology, Jinan University（暨南大学信息科学技术学院）；Hubei Laboratory of Applied Mathematics, Faculty of Mathematics, Hubei University（湖北大学数学学院应用数学实验室）；College of Cyber Security, Jinan University（暨南大学网络空间安全学院）
This paper presents a method to determine a set of basis polynomials from the extended Euclidean algorithm that allows Generalized Minimum Distance decoding of Reed-Solomon codes with a complexity of O(nd).
The hull of a linear code is defined to be the intersection of the code and its dual. When the size of the hull is small, it has been proved that some algorithms for checking permutation equivalence of two linear codes and computing the automorphism group of a linear code are very effective in general. Maximum distance separable (MDS) codes are codes meeting the Singleton bound. Twisted Reed-Solomon codes is a generalization of Reed-Solomon codes, which is also a nice construction for MDS codes. In this short letter, we obtain some twisted Reed-Solomon MDS codes with one-dimensional hull. More…
In this work, we address the question of the largest rate of linear subcodes of Reed-Muller (RM) codes, all of whose codewords respect a runlength-limited (RLL) constraint. Our interest is in the $(d,\infty)$-RLL constraint, which mandates that every pair of successive $1$s be separated by at least $d$ $0$s. Consider any sequence $\{{\mathcal{C}_m}\}_{m\geq 1}$ of RM codes with increasing blocklength, whose rates approach $R$, in the limit as the blocklength goes to infinity. We show that for any linear $(d,\infty)$-RLL subcode, $\hat{\mathcal{C}}_m$, of the code $\mathcal{C}_m$, it holds that…
Reed-Solomon codes and Gabidulin codes have maximum Hamming distance and maximum rank distance, respectively. A general construction using skew polynomials, called skew Reed-Solomon codes, has already been introduced in the literature. In this work, we introduce a linearized version of such codes, called linearized Reed-Solomon codes. We prove that they have maximum sum-rank distance. Such distance is of interest in multishot network coding or in singleshot multi-network coding. To prove our result, we introduce new metrics defined by skew polynomials, which we call skew metrics, we prove that…
Both linear complementary dual (LCD) codes and maximum distance separable (MDS) codes have good algebraic structures, and they have interesting practical applications such as communication systems, data storage, quantum codes, and so on. So far, most of LCD MDS codes have been constructed by employing generalized Reed-Solomon codes. In this paper we construct some classes of new Euclidean LCD MDS codes and Hermitian LCD MDS codes which are not monomially equivalent to Reed-Solomon codes, called LCD MDS codes of non-Reed- Solomon type. Our method is based on the constructions of Beelen et al. (…
Two concatenated coding schemes incorporating algebraic Reed-Solomon (RS) codes and polarization-adjusted convolutional (PAC) codes are proposed. Simulation results show that at a bit error rate of $10^{-5}$, a concatenated scheme using RS and PAC codes has more than $0.25$ dB coding gain over the NASA standard concatenation scheme, which uses RS and convolutional codes.
This paper presents a method to merge Generalized Minimum Distance decoding of Reed-Solomon codes with the extended Euclidean algorithm. By merge, we mean that the steps taken to perform the Generalized Minimum Distance decoding are similar to those performed by the extended Euclidean algorithm. The resulting algorithm has a complexity of O(n^2).
Because of their importance in applications and their quite simple definition, Reed-Solomon codes can be explained in any introductory course on coding theory. However, decoding algorithms for Reed-Solomon codes are far from being simple and it is difficult to fit them in introductory courses for undergraduates. We introduce a new decoding approach, in a self-contained presentation, which we think may be appropriate for introducing error correction of Reed-Solomon codes to nonexperts. In particular, we interpret Reed-Solomon codes by means of the degree of the interpolation polynomial of the c…
In this paper, deep holes of Reed-Solomon (RS) codes are studied. A new class of deep holes for generalized affine RS codes is given if the evaluation set satisfies certain combinatorial structure. Three classes of deep holes for projective Reed-Solomon (PRS) codes are constructed explicitly. In particular, deep holes of PRS codes with redundancy three are completely obtained when the characteristic of the finite field is odd. Most (asymptotically of ratio $1$) of the deep holes of PRS codes with redundancy four are also obtained.
Insertion and deletion (insdel for short) errors are synchronization errors in communication systems caused by the loss of positional information in the message. Reed-Solomon codes have gained a lot of interest due to its encoding simplicity, well structuredness and list-decoding capability in the classical setting. This interest also translates to the insdel metric setting, as the Guruswami-Sudan decoding algorithm can be utilized to provide a deletion correcting algorithm in the insdel metric. Nevertheless, there have been few studies on the insdel error-correcting capability of Reed-Solomon…
In this paper, a new algebraic soft-decision decoding algorithm for Reed-Solomon code is presented. It is based on rational interpolation and the interpolation points are constructed by Berlekamp-Messay algorithm. Unlike the traditional K{ö}tter-Vardy algorithm, new algorithm needs interpolation for two smaller multiplicity matrixes, due to the corresponding factorization algorithm for re-constructing codewords.
An alternative method for collaborative decoding of interleaved Reed-Solomon codes as well as Gabidulin codes for the case of high interleaving degree is proposed. As an example of application, simulation results are presented for a concatenated coding scheme using polar codes as inner codes.
Reed--Solomon codes are a well--studied code class which fulfill the Singleton bound with equality. However, their length is limited to the size $q$ of the underlying field $\mathbb{F}_q$. In this paper we present a code construction which yields codes with lengths of factors of the field size. Furthermore a decoding algorithm beyond half the minimum distance is given and analyzed.
Based on the fundamental results on MDS self-dual codes over finite fields constructed via generalized Reed-Solomon codes \cite{JX} and extended generalized Reed-Solomon codes \cite{Yan}, many series of MDS self-dual codes with different length have been obtained recently by a variety of constructions and individual computations. In this paper, we present an unified approach to get several previous results with concise statements and simplified proofs, and some new constructions on MDS self-dual codes. In the conclusion section we raise two open problems.
We present a new general construction of MDS codes over a finite field $\mathbb{F}_q$. We describe two explicit subclasses which contain new MDS codes of length at least $q/2$ for all values of $q \ge 11$. Moreover, we show that most of the new codes are not equivalent to a Reed-Solomon code.
Linearized Reed-Solomon (LRS) codes are sum-rank metric codes that fulfill the Singleton bound with equality. In the two extreme cases of the sum-rank metric, they coincide with Reed-Solomon codes (Hamming metric) and Gabidulin codes (rank metric). List decoding in these extreme cases is well-studied, and the two code classes behave very differently in terms of list size, but nothing is known for the general case. In this paper, we derive a lower bound on the list size for LRS codes, which is, for a large class of LRS codes, exponential directly above the Johnson radius. Furthermore, we show t…
A codeword is associated to a linearized polynomial. The weight distribution of the codewords is determined as the linearized polynomial varies in a family of fixed degree. There is a corresponding result on Wenger graphs from linearized polynomials.
The key step of syndrome-based decoding of Reed-Solomon codes up to half the minimum distance is to solve the so-called Key Equation. List decoding algorithms, capable of decoding beyond half the minimum distance, are based on interpolation and factorization of multivariate polynomials. This article provides a link between syndrome-based decoding approaches based on Key Equations and the interpolation-based list decoding algorithms of Guruswami and Sudan for Reed-Solomon codes. The original interpolation conditions of Guruswami and Sudan for Reed-Solomon codes are reformulated in terms of a se…
In this paper, we produce some new classes of entanglement-assisted quantum MDS codes(EAQMDS codes for short) via generalized Reed-Solomon codes over finite fields of odd characteristic. Among our constructions, there are many EAQMDS codes with new lengths which have never been reported. Moreover, some of them have larger minimum distance than known results.
For a linear code, deep holes are defined to be vectors that are further away from codewords than all other vectors. The problem of deciding whether a received word is a deep hole for generalized Reed-Solomon codes is proved to be co-NP-complete. For the extended Reed-Solomon codes $RS_q(\F_q,k)$, a conjecture was made to classify deep holes by Cheng and Murray in 2007. Since then a lot of effort has been made to prove the conjecture, or its various forms. In this paper, we classify deep holes completely for generalized Reed-Solomon codes $RS_p (D,k)$, where $p$ is a prime, $|D| > k \geqslant …
MDS codes and self-dual codes are important families of classical codes in coding theory. It is of interest to investigate MDS self-dual codes. The existence of MDS self-dual codes over finite field $F_q$ is completely solved for $q$ is even. In this paper, for finite field with odd characteristic, we construct some new classes of MDS self-dual codes by (extended) generalized Reed-Solomon codes.
Reed-Solomon codes have found many applications in practical storage systems, but were until recently considered unsuitable for distributed storage applications due to the widely-held belief that they have poor repair bandwidth. The work of Guruswami and Wootters (STOC'16) has shown that one can actually perform bandwidth-efficient linear repair with Reed-Solomon codes: When the codes are over the field $\mathbb{F}_{q^t}$ and the number of parities $r \geq q^s$, where $(t-s)$ divides $t$, there exists a linear scheme that achieves a repair bandwidth of $(n-1)(t-s)\log_2 q$ bits. We extend this…
The problem of finding subfield subcodes of generalized Reed-Solomon (GRS) codes (i.e., alternant codes) is considered. A pure linear algebraic approach is taken in order to derive message constraints that generalize the well known conjugacy constraints for cyclic GRS codes and their Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocquenghem (BCH) subfield subcodes. It is shown that the presented technique can be used for finding nested subfield subcodes with increasing design distance.
One of the central tasks in quantum error-correction is to construct quantum codes that have good parameters. In this paper, we construct three new classes of quantum MDS codes from classical Hermitian self-orthogonal generalized Reed-Solomon codes. We also present some classes of quantum codes from matrix-product codes. It turns out that many of our quantum codes are new in the sense that the parameters of quantum codes cannot be obtained from all previous constructions.
The root finding step of the Guruswami-Rudra list decoding algorithm for folded Reed-Solomon codes is considered. It is shown that a multivariate generalization of the Roth-Ruckenstein algorithm can be used to implement it. This leads to an improved bound on the size of the list produced by the decoder, as well as enables one to relax the constraints on the parameters of folded codes. Furthermore, the class of time-domain folded Reed-Solomon codes is introduced, which can be efficiently list decoded with the Guruswami-Rudra algorithm, and provides greater flexibility in parameter selection tha…
