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arXiv 0810.0267astro-ph
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伽马射线暴中的长寿命中心引擎

Long lived central engines in Gamma Ray Bursts

G. Ghisellini

摘要:

伽马射线暴的中心引擎可能比即时发射的持续时间长得多。它的一些证据来自于在相当大的一部分爆发中存在的强前体、后游标和X射线耀斑。另外的证据来自这样一个事实,即X射线和光学余辉光变曲线通常不相互跟踪,这表明它们是两种不同的发射成分。X射线光变曲线的典型“陡-平-陡”行为可以解释为,如果负责主要瞬发发射的同一中央引擎持续长时间活动,但功率下降。早期的X射线“余辉”辐射是瞬发辐射的延伸,起源于大致相同的位置,而不是由于前向冲击。如果体洛伦兹因子γ随时间减小,则可以解释结束浅相的中断,因为在早期γ很大,并且我们只能看到发射区域的一小部分。随后,当Gamma减小时,我们看到发射表面的增加部分直到Gamma ~ 1/theta_j时。此时结束了X射线光变曲线的浅相。晚期瞬发辐射的起源可能是回退物质的吸积,吸积速率点M与t^(-5/3)成正比。这种晚期瞬发辐射与标准前向激波产生的通量相结合,可以解释光学和X射线光变曲线的巨大差异。

英文摘要:

The central engine of Gamma Ray Bursts may live much longer than the duration of the prompt emission. Some evidence of it comes from the presence of strong precursors, post-cursors, and X-ray flares in a sizable fraction of bursts. Additional evidence comes from the fact that often the X-ray and the optical afterglow light curves do not track one another, suggesting that they are two different emission components. The typical "steep-flat-steep" behavior of the X-ray light curve can be explained if the same central engine responsible for the main prompt emission continues to be active for a long time, but with a decreasing power. The early X-ray "afterglow" emission is then the extension of the prompt emission, originating at approximately the same location, and is not due to forward shocks. If the bulk Lorentz factor Gamma is decreasing in time, the break ending the shallow phase can be explained, since at early times Gamma is large, and we see only a fraction of the emitting area. Later, when Gamma decreases, we see an increasing fraction of the emitting surface up to the time when Gamma ~ 1/theta_j. This time ends the shallow phase of the X-ray light curve. The origin of the late prompt emission can be the accretion of the fall-back material, with an accretion rate dot M proportional to t^(-5/3). The combination of this late prompt emission with the flux produced by the standard forward shock can explain the great diversity of the optical and the X-ray light curves.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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