膨胀空间：宇宙物理概念问题的根源
Expanding Space: The Root of Conceptual Problems of the Cosmological Physics
摘要：
空间膨胀物理学包含了几个悖论，Edward Harrison（1981，1995，2000）清楚地证明了这一点，他强调，在标准宇宙学模型中，均匀热气体（包括CBR的光子气体）的冷却是基于膨胀空间对能量守恒的破坏。在SCM的现代版本中，术语“空间扩展”实际上意味着持续创造真空，这会导致概念问题。Francis，Barnes，James，and Lewis（2007）最近讨论了一个远离星系的星系在没有运动的情况下距离增加的物理意义，这只是出现的悖论的一个特殊结果。在这里，我们提出了一个分析的SCM的以下概念性问题：违反能量守恒的局部共动体积，精确的牛顿形式的弗里德曼方程，没有一个上限的星系的后退速度可以大于光速，和存在的线性哈勃定律深入内部不均匀的星系分布。这些悖论的共同原因是引力的几何描述，其中没有明确定义的引力场的能量-动量张量概念，没有能量量子-引力子，也没有物质加引力的能量-动量守恒，因为引力不是物质场。
英文摘要：
The space expansion physics contains several paradoxes which were clearly demonstrated by Edward Harrison (1981, 1995, 2000), who emphasized that the cooling of homogeneous hot gas (including photon gas of CBR) in the standard cosmological model based on the violation of energy conservation by the expanding space. In modern version of SCM the term "space expansion" actually means continuous creation of vacuum, something that leads to conceptual problems. Recent discussion by Francis, Barnes, James, and Lewis (2007) on the physical sense of the increasing distance to a receding galaxy without motion of the galaxy is just a particular consequence of the arising paradoxes. Here we present an analysis of the following conceptual problems of the SCM: the violation of energy conservation for local comoving volumes, the exact Newtonian form of the Friedmann equation, the absence of an upper limit on the receding velocity of galaxies which can be greater than the speed of light, and the presence of the linear Hubble law deeply inside inhomogeneous galaxy distribution. The common cause of these paradoxes is the geometrical description of gravity, where there is no a well defined concept of the energy-momentum tensor for the gravitational field, no energy quanta - gravitons, and no energy-momentum conservation for matter plus gravity because gravity is not a material field.
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