膨胀宇宙中的动态真空能量与观测：一项专门研究
Dynamical vacuum energy in the expanding Universe confronted with observations: a dedicated study
摘要：
尽管做了许多努力，我们对宇宙中暗能量成分的最终性质的理论理解仍然远远落后于我们所掌握的日益复杂的观测工具所获得的令人震惊的实验证据。虽然正则可能性是一个严格的宇宙学常数，或刚性真空能量密度$ρ_Λ=$常数，这种可能性过于简单也是其理论地位难以令人信服的根源，因为在整个宇宙历史中，没有任何解释可以解释这种常数的存在。在这里，我们探索真空能量密度的一般模型慢慢演变的哈勃函数$H$和/或其时间导数，$ρ_Λ(H,\dot{H})$。其中一些模型实际上是从理论的角度出发的，可以提供丰富的现象学，可以在未来的观测中探索，而另一些模型则有更多的局限性。在这项工作中，我们把他们的测试，并阐明哪些仍然是与目前的意见，哪些已经排除兼容。我们认为他们的结构形成的影响，结合数据Ia型超新星，宇宙微波背景，重子声振荡，和预测的红移分布的集群大小的崩溃结构。这些真空模型的关系的动力学暗能量最近在文献中指出的可能的证据也作了简要说明。
英文摘要：
Despite the many efforts, our theoretical understanding of the ultimate nature of the dark energy component of the universe still lags well behind the astounding experimental evidence achieved from the increasingly sophisticated observational tools at our disposal. While the canonical possibility is a strict cosmological constant, or rigid vacuum energy density $ρ_Λ=$const., the exceeding simplicity of this possibility lies also at the root of its unconvincing theoretical status, as there is no explanation for the existence of such constant for the entire cosmic history. Herein we explore general models of the vacuum energy density slowly evolving with the Hubble function $H$ and/or its time derivative, $ρ_Λ(H,\dot{H})$. Some of these models are actually well-motivated from the theoretical point of view and may provide a rich phenomenology that could be explored in future observations, whereas some others have more limitations. In this work, we put them to the test and elucidate which ones are still compatible with the present observations and which ones are already ruled out. We consider their implications on structure formation, in combination with data on type Ia supernovae, the Cosmic Microwave Background, the Baryonic Acoustic Oscillations, and the predicted redshift distribution of cluster-size collapsed structures. The relation of these vacuum models on possible evidence of dynamical dark energy recently pointed out in the literature is also briefly addressed.
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