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arXiv 0809.2783astro-ph
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UCD的高质光比--暗物质的证据?

High mass-to-light ratios of UCDs - Evidence for dark matter ?

Holger Baumgardt, Steffen Mieske

摘要:

超紧凑矮星系(UCD)是质量约为10^7至10^8兆太阳、半质量半径为10-100秒差距的恒星系统。它们与大质量的球状星团有一些共同的性质,然而动力学质量估计表明,UCD的质光比平均约为金属丰度相当的球状星团的两倍,并且往往大于人们对标准质量函数的旧恒星系统的预期。一个可能的解释是UCD中存在大量的暗物质,如果它们是潮汐剥离的矮星系的残余核,那么它们可能最终会出现在UCD中。矮星系的潮汐剥离也被认为是几个大质量球状星团的起源,如欧米茄岑,在这种情况下,球状星团也可能是由大量的暗物质形成的。在本文中,我们提出了碰撞N体模拟研究的协同演化的系统组成的恒星和暗物质。我们发现,由于恒星的动力学摩擦和质量分离,暗物质从这样的系统的中心区域被移除。对于典型的球状星团,摩擦时间尺度明显短于哈勃时间,而大多数UCD的摩擦时间远长于哈勃时间。因此,一个显着的暗物质部分仍然在半质量半径的今天UCD,使暗物质的一个可行的解释,为高M/L比的UCD。如果至少有一些球状星团以类似于UCD的方式形成,我们预测在它们的外部有大量的暗物质。

英文摘要:

Ultra-compact dwarf galaxies (UCDs) are stellar systems with masses of around 10^7 to 10^8 Msun and half mass radii of 10-100 pc. They have some properties in common with massive globular clusters, however dynamical mass estimates have shown that UCDs have mass-to-light ratios which are on average about twice as large than those of globular clusters at comparable metallicity, and tend to be larger than what one would expect for old stellar systems with standard mass functions. One possible explanation for elevated high mass-to-light ratios in UCDs is the existence of a substantial amount of dark matter, which could have ended up in UCDs if they are the remnant nuclei of tidally stripped dwarf galaxies. Tidal stripping of dwarf galaxies has also been suggested has the origin of several massive globular clusters like Omega Cen, in which case globular clusters could have also formed with substantial amounts of dark matter. In this paper, we present collisional N-body simulations which study the co-evolution of a system composed out of stars and dark matter. We find that the dark matter gets removed from the central regions of such systems due to dynamical friction and mass segregation of stars. The friction timescale is significantly shorter than a Hubble time for typical globular clusters, while most UCDs have friction times much longer than a Hubble time. Therefore, a significant dark matter fraction remains within the half-mass radius of present-day UCDs, making dark matter a viable explanation for the elevated M/L ratios of UCDs. If at least some globular clusters formed in a way similar to UCDs, we predict a substantial amount of dark matter in their outer parts.

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