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arXiv 0802.0703astro-ph
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从星团到矮星系:动态热恒星系统的性质

From star clusters to dwarf galaxies: The properties of dynamically hot stellar systems

J. Dabringhausen, M. Hilker, P. Kroupa

摘要:

在过去的十年中,已经发现了半径为10到100 pc,质量在10^6到10^8 M_sun之间的天体。这些所谓的超致密矮星系(UCD)在半径、弛豫时间和V波段质光比(M/L_V)等方面都介于经典星团和椭圆星系之间。使用新的数据,我们发现,从10^6到10^7 M_sun的质量区间是特别感兴趣的,因为在这个范围内,典型的半光半径和动态质光比开始增加相比,球状星团,达到最高的恒星密度和典型的中值两体弛豫时间超过哈勃时间。当使用典型恒星初始质量函数(IMF)时,UCD的M/L_V比与简单恒星种群(SSP)模型的预测结果不一致,尽管SSP模型可能是UCD中真实恒星星族的很好近似,并且SSP模型允许考虑金属丰度对M/L_V比的影响。这为UCD的形成提供了证据,它要么是由不同于标准IMF的IMF形成的,要么是含有暗物质。我们强调,从星团到大质量椭圆星系,几乎所有有压力支持的恒星系统的M/L_V比都小于10 M_sun/L_sun,只有dSph卫星星系的M/L_V比大于100 M_sun/L_sun,并由此形成例外系统。

英文摘要:

(Abridged) Objects with radii of 10 to 100 pc and masses in the range from 10^6 to 10^8 M_sun have been discovered during the past decade. These so-called ultra compact dwarf galaxies (UCDs) constitute a transition between classical star clusters and elliptical galaxies in terms of radii, relaxation times and V-band mass-to-light (M/L_V) ratios. Using new data, we find that the mass interval from 10^6 to 10^7 M_sun is of special interest, because within this range typical half-light radii and dynamical mass-to-light ratios begin to increase compared to globular clusters, the highest stellar densities are reached and typical median two-body relaxation times surpass a Hubble time. The M/L_V ratios of the UCDs turn out to be incompatible with the predictions from simple stellar population (SSP) models when using the canonical stellar initial mass function (IMF), although SSPs probably are good approximations to the real stellar populations in UCDs and the SSP models allow to account for metallicity effects on the M/L_V ratio. This provides evidence for the UCDs either having formed with an IMF different from the canonical one or containing dark matter. We emphasise that almost all pressure-supported stellar systems ranging from star clusters to massive elliptical galaxies have M/L_V ratios less than 10 M_sun/L_sun, and that only dSph satellite galaxies have M/L_V ratios greater than 100 M_sun/L_sun and therewith form exceptional systems.

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