arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv 0809.2742astro-ph
收藏

用LOPES和KASCADE探测cosmic-ray空气簇射的方向识别

Direction identification in radio images of cosmic-ray air showers detected with LOPES and KASCADE

A. Nigl

摘要:

目的:我们想了解空气簇射的射电发射机制,以确定高能宇宙射线的起源。因此,我们研究了用LOPES测量的空气簇射无线电发射的几何形状,并寻找无线电信号上确定的方向和由粒子探测器阵列KASCADE提供的方向之间的系统效应。方法:我们使用数字波束形成产生纳秒时间尺度上的4D无线电图像。图像的每个像素是针对三个空间维度并且作为时间的函数来计算的。第三空间维度通过计算适合于信号波前的曲率半径范围的光束焦点来获得。我们搜索这个多维参数空间的方向的最大相干的空气簇射无线电信号,并将其比较的方向KASCADE提供的。结果:当曲率半径大于3km时,空气簇射的射电辐射最大。我们发现,当优化曲率半径时,发射最大值的方向可以改变。此外,我们发现了一个试探性的增加曲率半径较低的海拔高度,那里的空气淋浴通过一个较大的大气深度。结论:我们的结论是,LOPES的角分辨率是足够的,以确定最大化所观察到的电场幅度的方向。然而,方向的统计不确定性不是由LOPES的分辨率决定的,而是由曲率半径的不确定性决定的。我们没有发现从无线电信号和从检测到的粒子确定的方向之间的任何系统偏差。这一结果为利用射电技术研究高能宇宙射线的起源提供了强有力的论据。

英文摘要:

AIMS: We want to understand the emission mechanism of radio emission from air showers to determine the origin of high-energy cosmic rays. Therefore, we study the geometry of the air shower radio emission measured with LOPES and search for systematic effects between the direction determined on the radio signal and the direction provided by the particle detector array KASCADE. METHODS: We produce 4D radio images on time-scales of nanoseconds using digital beam-forming. Each pixel of the image is calculated for three spatial dimensions and as a function of time. The third spatial dimension is obtained by calculating the beam focus for a range of curvature radii fitted to the signal wave front. We search this multi-dimensional parameter space for the direction of maximum coherence of the air shower radio signal and compare it to the direction provided by KASCADE. RESULTS: The maximum radio emission of air showers is obtained for curvature radii being larger than 3 km. We find that the direction of the emission maximum can change when optimizing the curvature radius. Furthermore, we find a tentative increase of the curvature radius to lower elevations, where the air showers pass through a larger atmospheric depth. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that the angular resolution of LOPES is sufficient to determine the direction which maximizes the observed electric field amplitude. However, the statistical uncertainty of the directions is not determined by the resolution of LOPES, but by the uncertainty of the curvature radius. We do not find any systematic deviation between the directions determined from the radio signal and from the detected particles. This result places a strong supportive argument for the use of the radio technique to study the origin of high-energy cosmic rays.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

↑