arXiv 0802.41512008-02-28astro-ph

测量cosmic ray空气簇射的数字无线电天线阵的幅度校准

Amplitude calibration of a digital radio antenna array for measuring cosmic ray air showers

S. Nehls, A. Hakenjos, M. J. Arts, J. Bluemer, H. Bozdog, W. A. van Cappellen, H. Falcke, A. Haungs, A. Horneffer, T. Huege, P. G. Isar, O. Kroemer

备注：: Article accepted by Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, A (NIM A)
发表信息：: Nucl.Instrum.Meth.A589:350-361,2008
DOI：: 10.1016/j.nima.2008.02.092

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摘要：

无线电脉冲是在空气簇射的发展过程中发射的，空气簇射是由进入地球大气层的超高能宇宙射线产生的。这些纳秒短脉冲目前正在通过各种实验进行研究，目的是将它们用作宇宙粒子的新探测技术。对于30个数字无线电天线的阵列（LOPES实验），执行包括数据采集系统的完整电子链的无线电天线的绝对幅度校准，以便估计这些短无线电脉冲的电场强度的绝对值。这是强制性的，因为在兆赫频率范围内测量的无线电信号必须与理论估计和蒙特卡罗模拟的预测进行比较，以重建初级宇宙粒子的特征。商用参考无线电发射器用于估计无线电天线阵列的每个单个天线的频率相关校正因子。预期接收功率与由全电子链记录的功率相关。由于不同的环境条件和所描述的校准程序的系统不确定度为20%。

英文摘要：

Radio pulses are emitted during the development of air showers, where air showers are generated by ultra-high energy cosmic rays entering the Earth's atmosphere. These nanosecond short pulses are presently investigated by various experiments for the purpose of using them as a new detection technique for cosmic particles. For an array of 30 digital radio antennas (LOPES experiment) an absolute amplitude calibration of the radio antennas including the full electronic chain of the data acquisition system is performed, in order to estimate absolute values of the electric field strength for these short radio pulses. This is mandatory, because the measured radio signals in the MHz frequency range have to be compared with theoretical estimates and with predictions from Monte Carlo simulations to reconstruct features of the primary cosmic particle. A commercial reference radio emitter is used to estimate frequency dependent correction factors for each single antenna of the radio antenna array. The expected received power is related to the power recorded by the full electronic chain. Systematic uncertainties due to different environmental conditions and the described calibration procedure are of order 20%.

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