arXiv 0804.05482008-04-03astro-ph

超高能宇宙射线的射电探测

Radio Detection of Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Rays

Heino Falcke

备注：: review, 18 pages, 14 Figures (quality reduced), to appear in: 30th International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC), Merida, Mexico 2007, Rapporteur Volume, ed. J. F. Valdes-Galicia et al., full quality version available at http://www.astro.ru.nl/~falcke/publications.html#icrc1317

摘要：

近年来，探测宇宙粒子的无线电技术得到了重大复兴。新的和计划中的实验室和现场，如胶，安妮塔，LUNASKA，Codalema，LOPES以及复杂的蒙特卡罗实验产生了丰富的新信息，我在这里简要回顾一些主要结果，主要集中在空气淋浴。超高能宇宙粒子的无线电发射提供了许多有趣的优点。由于无线电波没有衰减，无线电测量允许探测非常遥远或高度倾斜的簇射，可以日夜使用，并提供轻子簇射分量的辐射热测量。LOPES实验探测到了来自宇宙射线的射电辐射，证实了大范围空气簇射的同步辐射效应，并提供了一个将射电信号转换为初级粒子能量的良好的定标公式。此外，蒙特卡罗模拟表明，也可以测量簇射最大值和粒子组成。今后的步骤将是在俄歇实验中安装无线电天线，以测量超高能宇宙射线的组成，并使用LOFAR射电望远镜（以及后来的SKA）作为宇宙射线探测器。在这里，一个有趣的额外应用是寻找中微子和宇宙射线与月球风化层相互作用产生的低频无线电发射。这保证了对10^21 eV以上粒子的最佳探测极限，并使其大大超过目前的地面探测器。

英文摘要：

The radio technique for the detection of cosmic particles has seen a major revival in recent years. New and planned experiments in the lab and the field, such as GLUE, Anita, LUNASKA, Codalema, LOPES as well as sophisticated Monte Carlo experiments have produced a wealth of new information and I review here briefly some of the main results with the main focus on air showers. Radio emission of ultra-high energy cosmic particles offers a number of interesting advantages. Since radio waves suffer no attenuation, radio measurements allow the detection of very distant or highly inclined showers, can be used day and night, and provide a bolometric measure of the leptonic shower component. The LOPES experiment has detected the radio emission from cosmic rays, confirmed the geosynchrotron effect for extensive air showers, and provided a good calibration fomula to convert the radio signal into primary particle energy. Moreover, Monte Carlo simulations suggest that also the shower maximum and the particle composition can be measured. Future steps will be the installation of radio antennas at the Auger experiment to measure the composition of ultra-high energy cosmic rays and the usage of the LOFAR radio telescope (and later the SKA) as a cosmic ray detector. Here an intriguing additional application is the search for low-frequency radio emission from neutrinos and cosmic rays interacting with the lunar regolith. This promises the best detection limits for particles above 10^21 eV and allows one to go significantly beyond current ground-based detectors.

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