Compatible associative products and trees
Vladimir Dotsenko
研究自由代数中两个兼容结合积的分级组件维度，并通过平面根树解释这些代数结构。
我们计算了具有两个兼容结合积的自由代数中分级组件的维度，并以平面根树为术语解释这些代数。
We compute dimensions of graded components for free algebras with two compatible associative products, and give a combinatorial interpretation of these algebras in terms of planar rooted trees.
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In this paper, we consider compatible Hom-associative algebras as a twisted version of compatible associative algebras. Compatible Hom-associative algebras are characterized as Maurer-Cartan elements in a suitable bidifferential graded Lie algebra. We also define a cohomology theory for compatible Hom-associative algebras generalizing the classical case. As applications of cohomology, we study abelian extensions and deformations of compatible Hom-associative algebras.
Compatible Pairs of Low-Dimensional Associative Algebras and Their Invariants
本文分类了复维数小于四的结合代数的相容对，并系统计算了其导子、中心化子、自同构群及多种算子等代数不变量。
In this paper, we define and study (co)homology theories of a compatible associative algebra $A$. At first, we construct a new graded Lie algebra whose Maurer-Cartan elements are given by compatible associative structures. Then we define the cohomology of a compatible associative algebra $A$ and as applications, we study extensions, deformations and extensibility of finite order deformations of $A$. We end this paper by considering compatible presimplicial vector spaces and the homology of compatible associative algebras.
We introduce a non-symmetric operad $\mathcal{N}$, whose dimension in degree $n$ is given by the Catalan number $c_{n-1}$. It arises naturally in the study of coalgebra structures defined on compatible associative algebras. We prove that any free compatible associative algebra admits a compatible infinitesimal bialgebra structure, whose subspace of primitive elements is a $\mathcal{N}$-algebra. The data $({\rm As},{\rm As}^2, \mathcal{N})$ is a good triple of operads, in J.-L. Loday's sense. Our construction induces another triple of operads $({\rm As},{\rm As}_2,{\rm As})$, where ${\rm As}_2$…
Compatible Associative Algebras and Some Invariants
本文研究相容结合代数，给出维数小于四的该类代数及其对应导子、中心等结构的分类，并针对具体例子刻画罗塔-巴克斯特算子、第二上同等不变量，推进了低维相容结合代数的结构分析。
This paper studies the concepts of a totally compatible dialgebra and a totally compatible Lie dialgebra, defined to be a vector space with two binary operations that satisfy individual and mixed associativity conditions and Lie algebra conditions respectively. We show that totally compatible dialgebras are closely related to bimodule algebras and semi-homomorphisms. More significantly, Rota-Baxter operators on totally compatible dialgebras provide a uniform framework to generalize known results that Rota-Baxter related operators give tridendriform algebras. Free totally compatible dialgebras …
The geometric classification of non-associative algebras: a survey
本文综述了幂零、Lie、Jordan等多种非结合代数簇（含$n$元代数、超代数、Poisson型代数）的几何分类研究，并涵盖了退化水平分类，系统梳理该领域成果。
We study associative multiplications in semi-simple associative algebras over C compatible with the usual one or, in other words, linear deformations of semi-simple associative algebras over C. It turns out that these deformations are in one-to-one correspondence with representations of certain algebraic structures, which we call M-structures in the matrix case and PM-structures in the case of direct sums of several matrix algebras. We also investigate various properties of PM-structures, provide numerous examples and describe an important class of PM-structures. The classification of these PM…
Associative spectra of graph algebras are examined with the help of homomorphisms of DFS trees. Undirected graphs are classified according to the associative spectra of their graph algebras; there are only three distinct possibilities: constant 1, powers of 2, and Catalan numbers. Associative and antiassociative digraphs are described, and associative spectra are determined for certain families of digraphs, such as paths, cycles, and graphs on two vertices.
In this note we introduce the concept of a shuffle product $\sq$ for planar tree polynomials and give a formula to compute the planar shuffle product $S \ \sq T$ of two finite planar reduced rooted trees $S, T.$ It is shown that $\sq$ is dual to the co-addition $Δ$ which leads to a formula for the coefficients of $Δ(f).$ It is also proved that $Δ(EXP) = EXP {\hat \otimes} EXP$ where $EXP$ is the generic planar tree exponential series, see [G]. Systems of quadratic relations for the coefficients of EXP are derived.
$σ$-matching and interchangeable structures on certain associative algebras
本文刻画了含单位元代数、矩形带半群代数及自由非单位结合/交换代数等多类结合代数上的 $σ$-匹配、可互换积与完全相容积。
The non-associative exponential series $exp(x)$ is a power series with monomials from the magma $M$ of finite, planar rooted trees. The coefficient $a(t)$ of $exp(x)$ relative to a tree $t$ of degree $n$ is a rational number and it is shown that $$\hat{a}(t) := \frac{a(t)}{2^{n-1}\cdot \prod^{n-1}_{i=1}(2^i - 1)}$$ is an integer which is a product of Mersenne binomials. One obtains summation formulas $$\sum \hat{a}(t) = ω(n)$$ where the sum is extended over all trees $t$ in $M$ of degree $n$ and $$ω(n) = \frac{2^{n-1}}{n!} \prod^{n-1}_{i=1} (2^i - 1).$$ The prime factorization of $ω(n)$ is des…
The Algebraic and Geometric Classification of Compatible Pre-Lie Algebras
本文提出从同维预李代数分类推导相容预李代数代数分类的方法，得到复2维相容预李代数等四类代数的分类，并研究了这些代数簇的几何分类（不可约分支描述）。
This work addresses some relevant characteristics of associative algebras in low dimensions. Especially, given 1 and 2 dimensional associative algebras, we explicitly solve associative Yang-Baxter equations and use skew-symmetric solutions to perform double constructions of Frobenius algebras. Besides, we determine related compatible dendriform algebras and solutions of their $ D- $equations. Finally, using symmetric solutions of the latter equations, we proceed to double constructions of corresponding Connes cocycles.
The notion of $\mathcal{O}$-operator is a generalization of the Rota-Baxter operator in the presence of a bimodule over an associative algebra. A compatible $\mathcal{O}$-operator is a pair consisting of two $\mathcal{O}$-operators satisfying a compatibility relation. A compatible $\mathcal{O}$-operator algebra is an algebra together with a bimodule and a compatible $\mathcal{O}$-operator. In this paper, we construct a graded Lie algebra and an $L_\infty$-algebra that respectively characterize compatible $\mathcal{O}$-operators and compatible $\mathcal{O}$-operator algebras as Maurer-Cartan el…
Anti-associative dendriform algebras
本文研究反结合型树形代数，通过定义两个运算之和为反结合性，提出O-算子作为解释工具，并探讨非退化Connes余循环的反结合代数的兼容结构。
We consider the three-dimensional associative algebra H consisting of the 3x3 strictly upper triangular matrices whose the commutator is the Heisenberg Lie algebra. We determine the solutions of the Yang-Baxter associative equation in H. For the antisymmetric solutions, the corresponding bialgebraic structures, double constructions of Frobenius algebras and properties are given explicitly.Besides, we determine some related compatible dendriform algebras and solutions of their D-equations. Using symmetric solutions of these equations, we build the double constructions of related Connes cocycles…
Classification of three-dimensional anti-dendriform algebras
本文分类了与结合性相关的反树形代数，重点处理零幂零结合代数及三维代数情形，并证明了含非零幂等元的结合代数不存在相容的反树形代数结构。
Affine Nijenhuis Operators and Hochschild Cohomology of Trusses
本文将环的经典Hochschild上同调理论扩展至trusses，利用其给出Nijenhuis积具备结合性的充要条件，并将该构造线性化至仿射空间以导出相容的李括号。
Maurer-Cartan characterization and cohomology of compatible LieDer and AssDer pairs
本文研究相容AssDer对、相容LieDer对及其上同调，还探讨带导子的相容dendriform代数等其他相容结构，借助Rota-Baxter算子等工具刻画了这些相容结构间的关联。
Universal enveloping algebra of a pair of compatible Lie brackets
本文利用PBW性质和Gröbner-Shirshov基技术，确定了一对相容李括号的泛包络代数的线性基，并证明其增长率等于n+1。
A new generalization of the Narayana numbers inspired by linear operators on associative $d$-ary algebras
本文提出了一种受关联$d$-元代数启发的Narayana数泛化，并给出了其九种组合解释及与经典组合对象的双射关系。
Given a nonsymmetric operad $\mathcal{O}$, we first construct two new nonsymmetric operads $\mathcal{O}^{\mathrm{comp}}$ and $\mathcal{O}^{\mathrm{Dend}}$. These operads are respectively useful to study compatible and split Loday-algebras. As an application of the operad $\mathcal{O}^{\mathrm{comp}}$, we show that the cohomology of a compatible associative algebra carries a Gerstenhaber structure. We give an application of the operad $\mathcal{O}^\mathrm{Dend}$ to dendriform algebras and find generalizations to other Loday-algebras. In the end, we construct another operad $\mathrm{Fam}(\mathca…
We consider associative algebras with involution graded by a finite abelian group G over a field of characteristic zero. Suppose that the involution is compatible with the grading. We represent conditions permitting PI-representability of such algebras. Particularly, it is proved that a finitely generated (Z/qZ)-graded associative PI-algebra with involution satisfies exactly the same graded identities with involution as some finite dimensional (Z/qZ)-graded algebra with involution for any prime q or q = 4. This is an analogue of the theorem of A.Kemer for ordinary identities, and an extension …
Rota-Baxter operators and bialgebras go hand in hand in their applications, such as in the Connes-Kreimer approach to renormalization and the operator approach to the classical Yang-Baxter equation. We establish a bialgebra structure that is compatible with the Rota-Baxter operator, called the Rota-Baxter antisymmetric infinitesimal (ASI) bialgebra. This bialgebra is characterized by generalizations of matched pairs of algebras and double constructions of Frobenius algebras to the context of Rota-Baxter algebras. The study of the coboundary case leads to an enrichment of the associative Yang-B…
Tridendriform and dendriform Zeta Values from Schroeder trees
本文通过施罗德树构造新的形式级数与积分空间，证明其具有三树形和树形代数结构，从而推广多重 Zeta 值并揭示 Arborified Zeta 值的新性质及其在 Shintani Zeta 值计算中的应用。
This paper studies operator forms of the nonhomogeneous associative classical Yang-Baxter equation (nhacYBe), extending and generalizing such studies for the classical Yang-Baxter equation and associative Yang-Baxter equation that can be tracked back to the works of Semonov-Tian-Shansky and Kupershmidt on Rota-Baxter Lie algebras and $\mathcal{O}$-operators. In general, solutions of the nhacYBe are characterized in terms of generalized $\mathcal{O}$-operators. The characterization can be given by the classical $\mathcal{O}$-operators precisely when the solutions satisfy an invariant condition.…
In this paper we study the adjoint functors between the category of Rota-Baxter algebras and the categories of dendriform dialgebras and trialgebras. In analogy to the well-known theory of the adjoint functor between the category of associative algebras and Lie algebras, we first give an explicit construction of free Rota-Baxter algebras and then apply it to obtain universal enveloping Rota-Baxter algebras of dendriform dialgebras and trialgebras. We further show that free dendriform dialgebras and trialgebras, as represented by binary planar trees and planar trees, are canonical subalgebras o…
Graded group actions and generalized $H$-actions compatible with gradings
该研究引入分次群作用（即分次伪自同构群作用）的概念，推广了带超对合/伪对合的代数，证明了相关根的稳定性、Wedderburn-Artin定理不变版及分次多项式恒等式余维数增长的Amitsur猜想类似结论。
In this paper we study (associative) Nijenhuis algebras, with emphasis on the relationship between the category of Nijenhuis algebras and the categories of NS algebras. This is in analogy to the well-known theory of the adjoint functor from the category of Lie algebras to that of associative algebras, and the more recent results on the adjoint functor from the categories of dendriform and tridendriform algebras to that of Rota-Baxter algebras. We first give an explicit construction of free Nijenhuis algebras and then apply it to obtain the universal enveloping Nijenhuis algebra of an NS algebr…
Dendriform algebras are certain splitting of associative algebras and arise naturally from Rota-Baxter operators, shuffle algebras and planar binary trees. In this paper, we first consider involutive dendriform algebras, their cohomology and homotopy analogs. The cohomology of an involutive dendriform algebra splits the Hochschild cohomology of an involutive associative algebra. In the next, we introduce a more general notion of oriented dendriform algebras. We develop a cohomology theory for oriented dendriform algebras that closely related to extensions and governs the simultaneous deformati…
In this paper we introduce an algebra embedding $ι:K< X >\to S$ from the free associative algebra $K< X >$ generated by a finite or countable set $X$ into the skew monoid ring $S = P * Σ$ defined by the commutative polynomial ring $P = K[X\times N^*]$ and by the monoid $Σ= < σ>$ generated by a suitable endomorphism $σ:P\to P$. If $P = K[X]$ is any ring of polynomials in a countable set of commuting variables, we present also a general Gröbner bases theory for graded two-sided ideals of the graded algebra $S = \bigoplus_i S_i$ with $S_i = P σ^i$ and $σ:P \to P$ an abstract endomorphism satisfyi…
We extend the Koszul calculus defined on quadratic algebras by Berger, Lambre and Solotar, to N-homogeneous algebras. When N>2, the Koszul cup and cap products are defined by specific expressions, and they are compatible with the Koszul differentials, providing associative products on (co)homology classes. The N-Koszul calculus is calculated for the truncated polynomial algebras.
Ternary Idempotent $Γ$-Semirings, Non-Reducibility, and Higher-Order Path Algebras
本文提出三元幂等Γ半环，证明其严格扩展经典半环路径代数，并展示高阶路径问题的不可约性与复杂性类差异。
Motivated by the pivotal role played by linear operators, many years ago Rota proposed to determine algebraic operator identities satisfied by linear operators on associative algebras, later called Rota's program on algebraic operators. Recent progresses on this program have been achieved in the contexts of operated algebra, rewriting systems and Groebner-Shirshov bases. These developments also suggest that Rota's insight can be applied to determine operator identities on Lie algebras, and thus to put the various linear operators on Lie algebras in a uniform perspective. This paper carries out…
This article surveys results on graded algebras and their Hilbert series. We give simple constructions of finitely generated graded associative algebras $R$ with Hilbert series $H(R,t)$ very close to an arbitrary power series $a(t)$ with exponentially bounded nonnegative integer coefficients. Then we summarize some related facts on algebras with polynomial identity. Further we discuss the problem how to find series $a(t)$ which are rational/algebraic/transcendental over ${\mathbb Q}(t)$. Applying a classical result of Fatou we conclude that if a finitely generated graded algebra has a finite G…
Hochschild two-cocycles play an important role in the deformation à la Gerstenhaber of associative algebras. The aim of this paper is to introduce the category of Hoch-algebras whose objects are associative algebras equipped with an extra magmatic operation \succ verifying the Hochschild two-cocycle relation: (x \succ y)*z+ (x*y)\succ z= x\succ (y*z)+ x*(y\succ z). The free Hoch-algebra over a K-vector space is given in terms of planar rooted trees and the triples of operads (As,Hoch, Mag^\infty) endowed with the infinitesimal relations are shown to be good. We then obtain an equivalence of ca…
We develop the theory of ``branch algebras'', which are infinite-dimensional associative algebras that are isomorphic, up to taking subrings of finite codimension, to a matrix ring over themselves. The main examples come from groups acting on trees. In particular, for every field k we construct a k-algebra K which (1) is finitely generated and infinite-dimensional, but has only finite-dimensional quotients; (2) has a subalgebra of finite codimension, isomorphic to $M_2(K)$; (3) is prime; (4) has quadratic growth, and therefore Gelfand-Kirillov dimension 2; (5) is recursively presented; (6) sat…
We give an algebraic construction of the topological graph-tree configuration pairing of Sinha and Walter beginning with the classical presentation of Lie coalgebras via coefficients of words in the associative Lie polynomial. Our work moves from associative algebras to preLie algebras to graph complexes, justifying the use of graph generators for Lie coalgebras by iteratively expanding the set of generators until the set of relations collapses to two simple local expressions. Our focus is on new computational methods allowed by this framework and the efficiency of the graph presentation in pr…
Anti-dendriform algebras, new splitting of operations and Novikov type algebras
本文引入反树形代数作为分裂结合性的新途径，通过反$\mathcal O$-算子和反Rota-Baxter算子给出解释，并借助$q$-代数建立其与树形代数的对应，进而提出Novikov型树形代数及一般类比框架。
Let $A$ be any associative ring , possibly non-commutative, and let $p$ be a prime number. Let $E(A)$ be the ring of $p$-typical Witt vectors as constructed by Cuntz and Deninger and $W(A)$ be that constructed by Hesselholt. The goal of this paper is to answer the following question by Hesselholt: Is $HH_0(E(A)) $ isomorphic to $W(A)$? We show that in the case $p=2$, there is no such isomorphism possible if one insists it to be compatible with the Verscheibung operator and the Teichmüller map.
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