木星的形成与伽利略卫星的吸积条件
Formation of Jupiter and Conditions for Accretion of the Galilean Satellites
摘要：
我们提出了一个概述的形成木星及其相关的环行星盘。木星的形成是通过微行星的吸积和周围太阳星云气体的引力聚集。环绕木星的气体盘或亚星云的形成跨越了失控的气体吸积和木星最终与太阳盘隔离之间的过渡阶段。这种分离，有效地标志着木星吸积的终止，发生在木星在太阳星云中打开了一个深层气体间隙，或者太阳星云气体消散的时候。我们描述了伽利略卫星吸积的条件，包括它们形成的时间尺度以及它们生存的机制，所有这些都在卫星形成模型的关键约束的背景下进行。规则卫星形成的环境与环行星盘扩散的时间尺度有关，这取决于湍流的性质和持续性。在这种情况下，亚星云湍流衰减的气体流入减弱，我们提出了一种新的机制，卫星的生存涉及最大的卫星间隙开放。另一方面，假设持续的湍流驱动子星云演化在一个短的时间尺度相比，卫星形成的时间尺度，我们回顾了一个模型，强调碰撞过程来解释卫星观测。我们简要地讨论了固体可能被输送到环行星盘的机制。然而，我们预计，星子交付机制可能提供大部分的材料，卫星吸积。
英文摘要：
We present an overview of the formation of Jupiter and its associated circumplanetary disk. Jupiter forms via a combination of planetesimal accretion and gravitational accumulation of gas from the surrounding solar nebula. The formation of the circumjovian gaseous disk, or subnebula, straddles the transitional stage between runaway gas accretion and Jupiter's eventual isolation from the solar disk. This isolation, which effectively signals the termination of Jupiter's accretion, takes place as Jupiter opens a deep gas gap in the solar nebula, or the solar nebula gas dissipates. We describe the conditions for accretion of the Galilean satellites, including the timescales for their formation, and mechanisms for their survival, all within the context of key constraints for satellite formation models. The environment in which the regular satellites form is tied to the timescale for circumplanetary disk dispersal, which depends on the nature and persistence of turbulence. In the case that subnebula turbulence decays as gas inflow wanes, we present a novel mechanism for satellite survival involving gap opening by the largest satellites. On the other hand, assuming that sustained turbulence drives subnebula evolution on a short timescale compared to the satellite formation timescale, we review a model that emphasizes collisional processes to explain satellite observations. We briefly discuss the mechanisms by which solids may be delivered to the circumplanetary disk. However, we expect that planetesimal delivery mechanisms likely provide the bulk of material for satellite accretion.
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