木星周围的不规则超新星空洞
A Region Void of Irregular Satellites Around Jupiter
摘要：
我们太阳系的巨行星的一个有趣的特征是，在这些天体周围存在着一些没有观测到不规则卫星的区域。观测表明，在木星周围，这样一个区域从最外面的规则卫星木卫四延伸到最里面的不规则卫星泰米斯托附近。为了理解这样一个卫星空洞区域存在的原因，我们研究了木星不规则天体的动力学演化，通过数值积分数百个测试粒子的轨道，分布在30到80个木星半径之间的区域，对于它们的半长轴，轨道偏心率和倾角的不同值。正如预期的那样，我们的模拟表明，由于与木卫三和木卫四的相互作用，伽利略卫星影响区内或附近的物体变得不稳定。然而，这些扰动并不能解释木卫四和忒弥斯托之间整个区域缺乏不规则卫星的原因。这表明，在60和80之间的距离，木卫三和木卫四可能有长期的微扰效应，这可能需要延长的时间远远超过10万年的积分。在木星规则星形成时，不规则卫星与木星原卫星的相互作用也可能是该区域的不稳定机制。我们展示了数值模拟的结果，并讨论了它们对其他巨行星周围类似卫星空洞区域的适用性。
英文摘要：
An interesting feature of the giant planets of our solar system is the existence of regions around these objects where no irregular satellites are observed. Surveys have shown that, around Jupiter, such a region extends from the outermost regular satellite Callisto, to the vicinity of Themisto, the innermost irregular satellite. To understand the reason for the existence of such a satellite-void region, we have studied the dynamical evolution of Jovian irregulars by numerically integrating the orbits of several hundred test particles, distributed in a region between 30 and 80 Jupiter-radii, for different values of their semimajor axes, orbital eccentricities, and inclinations. As expected, our simulations indicate that objects in or close to the influence zones of the Galilean satellites become unstable because of interactions with Ganymede and Callisto. However, these perturbations cannot account for the lack of irregular satellites in the entire region between Callisto and Themisto. It is suggested that at distances between 60 and 80 Jupiter-radii, Ganymede and Callisto may have long-term perturbative effects, which may require the integrations to be extended to times much longer than 10 Myr. The interactions of irregular satellites with protosatellites of Jupiter at the time of the formation of Jovian regulars may also be a destabilizing mechanism in this region. We present the results of our numerical simulations and discuss their applicability to similar satellite void-regions around other giant planets.
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