By a reformulation of the loop expansion in the Resonance-Spectrum-Expansion amplitude for meson-meson scattering, in terms of s-channel exchange of families of propagator modes, we obtain a formalism which allows for a wider range of applications. The connection with the unitarized amplitudes employed in some chiral theories is discussed. We also define an alternative for the Regge spectra and indicate how this may be observed in experiment.
We calculate an one loop QCD Regge Field Theory (RFT) correction to the propagator of reggeized gluons basing on the QCD effective action of Lipatov, \cite{LipatovEff,LipatovEff1,Our1,Our2,Our3,Our4}, and results of \cite{Our5} where Dyson-Schwinger hierarchy of the equations for the correlators of reggeized gluon fields was derived. The correction is calculated entirely in the framework of RFT with the use of the obtained expressions for the RFT bare triple Reggeon vertices and propagator of reggeized gluons, the cases of bare propagator and propagator calculated to one-loop precision are con…
It is illustrated by the fitted Regge trajectories for a large majority of mesons that both the radial and orbital Regge trajectories for mesons prefer being concave. The concavity of the meson Regge trajectories is model-independent. If the convex Regge trajectories or the Regge trajectories having the inflection points do not exist, the concavity can act as a criterion to choose a newly observed meson or to assign a particle to the unwell-established state. The curvature of the meson Regge trajectories can be taken as a guide in constructing models. The appropriate models should yield the sp…
We investigate the structure of the meson Regge trajectories based on the quadratic form of the spinless Salpeter-type equation. It is found that the forms of the Regge trajectories depend on the energy region. As the employed Regge trajectory formula does not match the energy region, the fitted parameters neither have explicit physical meanings nor obey the constraints although the fitted Regge trajectory can give the satisfactory predictions if the employed formula is appropriate mathematically. Moreover, the consistency of the Regge trajectories obtained from different approaches is discuss…
The D-and F-wave quark-quark amplitudes are constructed in the framework of the dispersion N/D-method. The mass values of meson multiplets with $J^{PC}=1^{--},2^{--},2^{-+},3^{--}$ and $J^{PC}=2^{++},3^{++},3^{+-},4^{++}$ are calculated. The Regge trajectories of mesonic resonances with orbital numbers L=0,1,2,3 are obtained.
We show how a field theory containing classical vortex solutions can be expressed as an effective string theory of long distance QCD describing the two transverse oscillations of the string. We use the semiclassical expansion of this effective string theory about a classical rotating string solution to obtain Regge trajectories for mesons with zero mass quarks. The first semiclassical correction adds the constant 1/12 to the classical Regge formula for the angular momentum of mesons on the leading Regge trajectory. In D spacetime dimensions, this additive constant is (D-2)/24. The excited stat…
Under the assumption that both light and heavy quarkonia populate approximately linear Regge trajectories with the requirements of additivity of intercepts and inverse slopes, the masses of different meson multiplets are estimated. The predictions derived from the quasi-linear Regge trajectories are in reasonable agreement with those given by many other references.
Employing the Worldline casting of the Dosch-Simonov Stochastic Vacuum Model(SVM) for QCD, a simulated meson-meson scattering is studied in the Regge kinematical regime. The process is modelled in terms of the "helicoidal" Wilson contour first introduced by Janic and Peschanski in a related study based on an AdS/CFT-type approach. Using lattice supported estimations for the behavior of a two-point, field strength correlation function, as defined in the framework of the SVM, the reggeon slope and intercept are calculated in a semiclassical approximation. The resulting values are in good agreeme…
We review how the Regge trajectory of an elastic resonance can be obtained just from its pole position and coupling, using a dispersive formalism. This allows us to deal correctly with the finite widths of resonances in Regge trajectories. In this way we can calculate the Regge trajectories for the $K^*(892)$, $K_1(1400)$ and $K^*_0(1430)$, obtaining ordinary linear Regge trajectories, expected for $q \bar q$ resonances. In contrast, for the $K^*_0(800)$ meson, the resulting Regge trajectory is non-linear and with much smaller slope, strongly supporting its non-ordinary nature.
The Regge trajectory of an elastic resonance can be calculated from dispersion theory, instead of fitted phenomenologically, using only its pole parameters as input. This also provides a correct treatment of resonance widths in Regge trajectories, essential for very wide resonances. In this work we first calculate the K*0(1430) Regge trajectory, finding the ordinary almost real and linear behavior, typical of quark-antiquark resonances. In contrast, for the K*0(800) meson, the resulting Regge trajectory is non-linear and has a much smaller slope than ordinary resonances, being remarkably simil…
The exciting feature of recent times is the inflow of new experimental data. Fits to the $π, \r$ and f meson resonances found by the VES collaboration, along with those of the PDG 1998 compilation are reported using a non-linear model for Regge trajectories. There are only five parameters including the pion mass and the states come out as Regge -type excitations of the pion. Total number of mesons fitted are 23 and the fit is good to $\sim$ 3% for 18 of them and $\sim$ 9% for others.
In this work, we study the Regge-like spectra of excited singly heavy mesons by proposing a general Regge-like mass relations in which the slope ratio $α^{\prime }/β^{\prime }$ between the radial and angular-momentum Regge trajectories is $π/2$ and the hadron mass undergoes a shift including the heavy quark mass and an extra binding energy between heavy quark and strange anti-quark. The relation is successfully tested against the observed spin-averaged data of the singly heavy mesons in their radially and angularly excited states. Some new predictions are made for more excited excitations and …
Early Chew-Frautschi plots show that meson and baryon Regge trajectoies are approximately linear and non-intersecting. In this paper, we reconstruct all Regge trajectories from the most recent data. Our plots show that meson trajectories are non-linear and intersecting. We also show that all current meson Regge trajectories models are ruled out by data.
As the number of loops goes to infinity Feynman $α$-parameters undergo a fixing mechanism which entails a gaussian representation for propagators in scalar field theories. Here, we describe this mechanism in the fullest detail. The fixed values are in fact mean-values which can be determined via consistency conditions. The consistency conditions imply that one $α$-parameter is integrated in the usual way and the dependence of the mean-values of the other $α$-parameters on it must be determined. Here we present a method for doing this exactly which requires the solution of an equation system. W…
I briefly review the Regge approach to the hadron spectrum and advocate a dynamical emergence of principal quantum number in the known spectrum of light non-strange mesons. Further it is shown how the linear radial trajectories with universal slope can be extended to heavy quarkonia and a qualitative string interpretation is given. After that I discuss a recently proposed non-string model leading to a natural appearance of linear Regge trajectories and explaining many mass relations.
The unitarity corrections to the propagator of reggeized gluons calculated in the framework of QCD RFT require a knowledge of the expressions for Reggeon propagator and vertices of interaction of three reggeized gluons (Reggeons) to one QCD loop precision, see \cite{Our6}. In this paper we calculate the vertex of interactions of $A_+ A_+ A_-$ Reggeon fields, i.e. vertex of transition of $A_-$ Reggeon field to $A_+ A_+$ fields, to this precision. We demonstrate, that all loop leading logarithmic order contributions to the vertex can be summed through the integro-differential equation similarly …
A new Regge-like mass relation for excited light mesons is presented in relativized quark model which supports an universality that the quark mass dependence of the light meson spectroscopy is suppressed significantly and the confining parameter is nearly family independent. It is obtained by using auxiliary field method and quasi-linearizing the solution to the mass relation solved from the model. The resulted mass predictions are in good agreement with the observed masses for the orbitally-excited trajectory family of $π/b$, $ρ/a$, $η/h$, $ω/f$, $K^{\ast}$ and $ϕ/f^{\prime}$. A semiclassical…
Masses of the ground, orbitally and radially excited states of quark-antiquark mesons composed from the light (u,d,s) quarks are calculated within the framework of the relativistic quark model based on the quasipotential approach. The relativistic treatment of the light quark dynamics results in mass spectra which agree well with available experimental data for the masses of the most well-established states. The Regge trajectories for angular and radial excitations are constructed, and their linearity, parallelism and equidistance are verified. The assignment of experimentally observed light m…
The large-$N_c$ masses of light vector, axial, scalar and pseudoscalar mesons are calculated from QCD spectral sum rules for a particular ansatz interpolating the radial Regge trajectories. The ansatz includes a linear part plus exponentially degreasing corrections to the meson masses and residues. The form of corrections was proposed some time ago from consistency with analytical structure of Operator Product Expansion of the two-point correlation functions. Two solutions are found and compared with the experimental data.
The recently discovered Z(4430) mesonic resonance is believed to be a strong tetraquark candidate. The photoproduction in the channel $γp\rightarrow Z^{+}(4430)n\rightarrow ψ' π^{+} n$ has been proposed as the most effective way to confirm the Z(4430) presence and to measure its quantum numbers. In this work we present a model for high energy and forward angle Z(4430) photoproduction in a effective Lagrangian approach. This model is based on the use of Regge trajectories exchange, thus a Regge propagator replaces the usual Feynman propagator. The differential and total cross sections and the a…
A model potential for two-particle relativistic systems is investigated in the framework of Poincare-invariant quantum mechanics (or relativistic Hamiltonian dynamics). The potential considered allows to reduce the main integro-differential equation of Poincare-invariant quantum mechanics to the equation analogous to the radial equation and have analytical solution for relativistic bound system. We discuss the possible choice of the parameters of potential and apply our model to the description of light meson Regge trajectories.
Regge trajectories of quark-antiquark mesons can be well approximated for phenomenology purposes by a specific nonlinear form, reflecting that the flux tubes cannot be arbitrarily large, but break due to the effect of pair-production. If confirmed, this would imply that there is only a finite number of bound states on each trajectory, and consequently, an existence of ``spectroscopy windows'' for each flavor. Here we present our results for these windows.
Recent $HERA$ data on the photoproduction of vector mesons are analysed within a "soft", dipole pomeron model. We argued that the data on $σ^{γ\rightarrow J/ψ}_{el}$ is consistent with a soft pomeron, the apparent rapid increase resulting from the non-asymptotic effects due to the delayed asymptotics of $σ_{el}$ with respect to $σ_{tot}$.
We study the Regge-like spectra of light mesons in a relativized quark model. An analytical mass formula is presented for the light unflavored mesons with the help of auxiliary field method, by which a quasi-linear Regge-Chew-Frautschi plot is predicted for the orbitally excited states. We show that the trajectory slope is proportional to the inverse confining parameter $1/a$ up to a factor depending on the strong coupling $α_{s}$ when the orbital quantum number $L$ is large. The result is tested against the experimental data of the spectra of the meson families $π/b$,$ρ/a$,$η/h$ and $ω/f$ in …
The couplings $g_{ρHH}$ of the $ρ$ meson with any hadron H are calculated in a holographic dual of QCD where the Regge trajectories for mesons are manifest. The resulting couplings grow linearly with the exciting number of H, thus are far from universal. A simple argument has been given for this behavior based on quasi-classical picture of excited hadrons. It seems that in holographic duals with exact Regge trajectories the $g_{ρHH}$ universality should be violated. The $ρ$-dominance for the electromagnetic form factors of H are also strongly violated, except for the lowest state, the pion. Qu…
A model based on a dipole Pomeron framework for vector meson exclusive photoproduction by real and virtual photons shows very good agreement with the experimental data. The model does not violate unitarity constrains and describes in a universal manner all the available data for $ρ$, $ω$, $ϕ$, $J/ψ$ and $Υ$ vector meson photoproduction in the region of energies $1.7\le W \le 250 GeV$ and photon virtualities $0 \le Q^2 \le 35 GeV^2$.
Masses of the ground, orbitally and radially excited states of heavy-light mesons are calculated within the framework of the QCD-motivated relativistic quark model based on the quasipotential approach. Both light (q=u,d,s) and heavy (Q=c,b) quarks are treated fully relativistically without application of the heavy quark 1/m_Q expansion. The Regge trajectories in the (M^2, J) and (M^2, n_r) planes are investigated and their parameters are obtained. The results are in good agreement with available experimental data except for the masses of the anomalous D^*_{s0}(2317), D_{s1}(2460) and D_{sJ}^*(…
Exclusive diffractive production of real photons and vector mesons in ep collisions has been studied at HERA in a wide kinematic range. Here we present and discuss a Regge-type model of real photon production (Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering), as well as production of vector mesons (VMP) treated on the same footing by using an extension of a factorized Regge-pole model proposed earlier. The model has been fitted to the HERA data. Despite the very small number of the free parameters, the model gives a satisfactory description of the experimental data, both for the total cross section as a fun…
Contrary to common belief, the longitudinal vector meson and scalar meson propagators have very different forms in spontaneously broken gauge theories. We choose the Abelian-Higgs model as an example and show that the longitudinal vector meson and scalar meson propagators have double poles by an extensive use of the Ward-Takahashi identities.
There are many orbital excited mesons discovered in recent years. In this work we attempt to study whether the Regge trajectory is quasi-linear or square-root form. In the framework of the quasi-linear Regge trajectory and square-root Regge trajectory, the masses of the states lying on the well established 11S0, 13S1, and 13P2 trajectories are estimated. Comparison of the results given by the two trajectories with the existing experimental data illustrates that both of them can give a reasonable description for the ground mesons. For the orbital excited states, the quasi-linear trajectory desc…
A Reggeometric (Regge+Geometry) model, based on the observed proportionality between the forward slope of the differential cross section and the interaction radius, the latter depending on virtuality Q2 of the incoming virtual photon and on the mass M 2 of the produced particle, is constructed. The objective of this study is the dependence of the Regge-pole amplitude on the virtuality Q2 and masses of the external particles, which remains an open problem for the theory. The present analysis is based on the HERA data on Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering (DVCS) and exclusive diffractive Vector M…
In the Regge phenomenology, the radial spectrum of light mesons is given by a linear relation $M_n^2=a(n+b)$, where $a$ is a universal slope, the dimensionless intercept $b$ depends on quantum numbers, and $n$ enumerates the excited states in radial recurrences. The usual extensions of this relation to heavy quarkonia in the framework of hadron string models typically lead to strong nonlinearities which seem to be at variance with the available experimental data. Introducing a radially static string picture of mesons, we put forward a linear generalization $(M_n-m_1-m_2)^2=a(n+b)$, where $m_{1…
Recent research has indicated that meson and baryon Regge trajectories are nonlinear and that all current models are ruled out by data. Tang and Norbury have identified a number of properties for Regge trajectories: a test zone for linearity, divergence, parallelism and intersecting lines. Likewise, Inopin has reconstructed Regge trajectories for mesons and baryons, indicating that a majority of trajectories is grossly nonlinear. In most of the models for Regge trajectories, there is no indication that researchers have studied particle binding energies to explain the deviation of experimental …
A simple relativistic quantum field model with the Yukawa-type interaction is considered to demonstrate that the analytic confinement of the constituent ("quarks") and carrier ("gluons") particles explains qualitatively the basic dynamical properties of the spectrum of mesons considered as two-particle stable bound states of quarks and gluons: the quarks and gluons are confined, the glueballs represent bound states of massless gluons, the masses of mesons are larger than the sum of the constituent quark masses and the Regge trajectories of mesonic orbital excitations are almost linear.
The Kroll-Lee-Zumino renormalizable Abelian quantum field theory of pionic strong interactions is used to compute the rho-meson propagator at the two-loop level.
Our results on obtaining the Regge trajectory of a resonance from its pole in a scattering process and from analytic constraints in the complex angular momentum plane are presented. The method, suited for resonances that dominate an elastic scattering amplitude, has been applied to the $ρ(770)$, $f_2(1270)$, $f_2'(1525)$ and $f_0(500)$ resonances. Whereas for the first three we obtain linear Regge trajectories, characteristic of ordinary quark-antiquark states, for the latter we find a non-linear trajectory with a much smaller slope at the resonance mass. We also show that if a linear trajecto…
The concept of incomplete vector-meson dominance and Regge models is applied to the transition form factor of the pion. First, we argue that variants of the chiral quark model fulfilling the chiral anomaly may violate the Terazawa-West unitarity bounds, as these bounds are based on unverified assumptions for the real parts of the amplitudes, precluding a possible presence of polynomial terms. A direct consequence is that the transition form factor need not necessarily vanish at large values of the photon virtuality. Moreover, in the range of the BaBar experiment, the Terazawa-West bound is an …
The typical AdS/QCD models deal with the large-N_c limit of QCD, as a consequence the meson spectrum consists of the infinite number of states that is far from the real situation. Basing on introduction of anharmonic corrections to the holographic potential, the corrections whose existence has been recently advocated, we construct a class of bottom-up holographic models describing arbitrary finite number of states in the sector of light mesons. Within the proposed approach, the spectrum of masses square has the following properties: It is linear, $m_n^2\sim n$, at not very large n, nonlinear a…
The framework of phenomenological quark-antiquark potential (Coulomb plus linear confinement) model with the Gaussian wave function is used for detailed study of masses of the ground, orbitally and radially excited states of heavy-light $Q\overline{q}$, $\left(Q=c,q=u/d,s\right)$ mesons. We incorporate $\mathcal{O}(1/m)$ correction to the potential energy term and relativistic corrections to the kinetic energy term of the hamiltonian. The spin-hyperfine, the spin-orbit and the tensor interactions incorporating the effect of mixing are employed to obtained the pseudoscalar, the vector, radially…
We review how the Regge trajectory of an elastic resonance can be obtained just from its pole position and coupling, by means of a dispersive formalism. This allows to deal correctly with the finite widths of resonances in Regge trajectories. For the $ρ(770)$ meson this method leads to the ordinary linear Regge trajectory with a universal slope. In contrast, for the $f_0(500)$ meson, the resulting Regge trajectory is non-linear and with much smaller slope. This is another strong indication of the non-ordinary nature of the lightest scalar meson.
We analyze the analytic structure of meson propagators in the Nambu--Jona-Lasinio model with a proper-time regulator. We show that the regulator produces unphysical complex singularities. As a result the naive use of the Wick rotation is no longer allowed. Formulas involving integration over mesonic momenta, such as meson-loop contributions or dispersion relations for meson Green's functions, cannot be written in usual forms.
I will discuss how the non-vacuum, quark-antiquark Reggeon-exchange contribution to meson-meson elastic scattering, at high energy and low tranferred momentum, can be related to the path-integral of a certain Wilson-loop expectation value over the trajectories of the exchanged fermions. Making use of this representation, I will show how a linear Regge trajectory is obtained through gauge/gravity duality and the use of minimal surfaces.
The orbital and radial excitations of light-light mesons are studied in the framework of the dominantly orbital state description. The equation of motion is characterized by a relativistic kinematics supplemented by the usual funnel potential with a mixed scalar and vector confinement. The influence of finite quark masses and potential parameters on Regge and vibrational trajectories is discussed. The case of heavy-light mesons is also presented.
We discuss a possible generation of color suppressed B-decays amplitudes through a soft final state interaction. As a typical example, we consider in detail the decay $ \bar{B}^{0} \rightarrow D^{0} π^{0} $ (and also $ \bar{B}^{0} \rightarrow 2 π^{0} $). We show that in the approximation of the two particle unitarity and at zero order in $ α_{s} $ this process can be related to the weak decay $ \bar{B}^{0} \rightarrow D^{+} π^{-} $ followed by the strong charge exchange scattering in the Regge kinematics. We estimate the amplitude of this process using the light cone QCD sum rule technique and…
The combined Dyson-Schwinger and Bethe-Salpeter equations in rainbow-ladder approximation are used to search for Regge trajectories of mesons in the pseudo-scalar and vector channels. We focus on the often employed Alkofer-Watson-Weigel kernel which is known to deliver good results for the ground state meson spectra; it provides linear Regge trajectories in the $J^P= 0^-$ channel.
In this paper, masses and radii of $Σ^-_u$ states hybrid charmonium mesons are calculated by numerically solving the Schrödinger equation with non-relativistic potential model. Results for calculated masses of $Σ^-_u$ states charmonium hybrid mesons are found to be close to the results obtained through lattice simulations. Calculated masses are used to construct Regge trajectories. It is found that the trajectories are almost linear and parallel.
Using the gaussian representation for propagators (which can be proved to be exact in the infinite number of loops limit) we are able to derive the Regge behaviour for ladder graphs of $ϕ^3$ field theory in a completely new way. An analytic expression for the Regge trajectory $α(t/m^2)$ is found in terms of the mean-values of the Feynman $α$-parameters. $α(t/m^2)$ is calculated in the range $- 3.6 < t/m^2 < 0.8$. The intercept $α(0)$ agrees with that obtained from earlier calculations using the Bethe-Salpeter approach for $α(0) \gsim 0.3$.
Photoproduction of $K^*$ vector mesons off nucleon is investigated within the Regge framework where the electromagnetic vertex of $γK^*K^*$ fully takes into account the magnetic dipole and electric quadrupole moments of spin-1 $K^*$ vector meson. The $t$-channel $K^*(892)$, $K(494)$ and $κ(800)$ meson exchanges are considered for the analysis of the production mechanism. The experimentally observed rapid decrease of the cross sections for the $γp \to K^{*+} Λ$ reaction beyond the resonance region is well reproduced by the dominance of the exchange of $K$-meson trajectory. The role of the scala…
We discuss the renormalization of the $1^{--}$ vector meson propagator within Resonance chiral theory at one loop. Using the particular form of the interaction Lagrangian we show that additional poles of the renormalized propagator corresponding to $1^{+-}$ degrees of freedom can be generated. We give a concrete example of such an effect.
An approach to QCD vacuum as a medium describable in terms of statistical ensemble of almost everywhere homogeneous Abelian (anti-)self-dual gluon fields is briefly reviewed. These fields play the role of the confining medium for color charged fields as well as underline the mechanism of realization of chiral $SU_{\rm L}(N_f)\times SU_{\rm R}(N_f)$ and $U_A(1)$ symmetries. Hadronization formalism based on this ensemble leads to manifestly defined quantum effective meson action. Strong, electromagnetic and weak interactions of mesons are represented in the action in terms of nonlocal $n$-point …
One-loop unitarized Chiral Perturbation Theory (UChPT) calculations, suggest a different Nc behaviour for the sigma or f_0(600) and rho(770) mesons: while the rho meson becomes narrower with Nc, as is expected for a q-qbar meson, the sigma becomes broader, and its contribution to the total cross section is less and less important. On the other hand, local duality requires a cancellation between the sigma and rho amplitudes, but if there is a different Nc behaviour for them, there is a possible contradiction between the Inverse Amplitude Method (IAM) and local duality for large Nc. However, nex…
The meson (pion and kaon) form factor is calculated in the perturbative framework with alternative forms for the running coupling constant and the gluon propagator in the infrared kinematic region. These modified forms are employed to test the sensibility of the meson form factor to the nonperturbative contributions. Its is a powerful discriminating quantity and the results obtained with a particular choice of modified running coupling constant and gluon propagator have a good agreement with the available data, for both mesons, indicating the robustness of the method of calculation. Neverthele…
By exploring heavy quark effective theory (HQET), we use theoretical available data for bottom mesons to analysis the masses and decays for n = 3 charm mesons. From the predicted masses, we studied ground state strong decay modes in terms of couplings. Comparing the decays with available total decay widths, we provide upper bounds on the associated couplings. We also plot Regge trajectories for our predicted data in planes (J, $M^2$ ) and ($n_r$, $M^2$ ) and estimated higher masses (n = 4) by fixing Regge slopes and intercepts. These Regge trajectories are used to clarify $D_2^*(3000)$ state's…
A Gaussian wave function is used for detailed study of mass spectra of the $B$ and $B_S$ mesons using a Cornell potential incorporated with a $\mathcal{O}(1/m)$ correction in the potential energy term and expansion of the kinetic energy term up to a ${\cal{O}\left({\bf p}^{10}\right)}$ for relativistic correction of the Hamiltonian. The predicted excited states for the $B$ and $B_s$ mesons are in very good agreement with results obtained by experiment. We assigned the $B_{2}(5747)$ and $B_{s2}(5840)$ as $1^{3}p_{2}$ state, the $B_{1}(5721)$ and $B_{s1}(5830)$ as $1 p_{1}$ state, the $B_{0}(573…
Status of investigations of the new observed charmed strange mesons DsJ(2317), DsJ(2460) and DsJ(2632) is simply listed. A systemic classification to these states with Regge trajectories was made. We found that DsJ(2317) and DsJ(2460) are reasonable to be arranged as (0^+,1^+), but DsJ(2632) seems not possible to be an orbital excited tensor particle. As a byproduct, the non-strange charmed mesons including D'1(2427) and D*(2637) were analyzed also.
