PYTHIA 8 Status Report
Torbjörn Sjöstrand
Pythia 8是对常用Pythia事件生成器的C++重写，现在可以在第一个完整的8.1版本中使用。Fortran 77中较旧的Pythia 6.4生成器目前仍在维护中，但强烈建议用户尽快试用并迁移到新版本。
Pythia 8, the C++ rewrite of the commonly-used Pythia event generator, is now available in a first full-fledged version 8.1. The older Pythia 6.4 generator in Fortran 77 is still maintained, for now, but users are strongly recommended to try out and move to the new version as soon as feasible.
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PYTHIA Status Report
最近在PYTHIA事件发生器的改进进行了总结：新的硬子过程，伽玛 *-伽玛 * 物理，QCD的最终状态淋浴，和更多。
PYTHIA and HERWIG for Linear Collider Physics
概述了通用事件生成器，特别是PYTHIA和HERWIG。总结了目前的状况，描述了最近的一些物理改进，并概述了未来计划的项目。
The evolution of the widely-used PYTHIA particle physics event generator is outlined, from the early days to the current status and plans. The key decisions and the development of the major physics components are put in context.
Event generators play a crucial role in the exploration of LHC physics. This presentation summarizes news and plans for the three general-purpose pp generators HERWIG, PYTHIA and SHERPA, as well as briefer notes on a few other generators. Common themes, such as the matching and merging between matrix elements and parton showers, are highlighted. Other topics include a historical introduction, from the Lund perspective, and comments on the role of MCnet.
The PYTHIA program can be used to generate high-energy-physics 'events' with sets of outgoing particles produced in the interactions between two incoming particles. The objective is to provide a representation, as accurate as possible, of event properties in a wide range of reactions. One such reaction, that is not well understood is Diffraction. Among the several alternative approaches that have been proposed, in PYTHIA, we follow a fairly conventional Pomeron based one, but fully integrated to use the standard PYTHIA machinery for multiple interactions, parton showers and hadronization. This…
Recent Progress in PYTHIA
PYTHIA是一个通用的事件发生器，用于高能物理中的多粒子产生。在介绍和新闻综述之后，讨论了最近物理学的一些进展：矩阵元的匹配，特别是W/Z产生;魅力和底强子化;多重相互作用;和互连效应。报告最后对未来，特别是正在进行的向C++的过渡做了一些总结。
We report an underlying event tune for the PYTHIA 8 Monte Carlo event generator that is applicable for hadron collisions primarily at $\sqrt{s}$ ranges available at the Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider (RHIC). We compare our new PYTHIA 8 tuned predictions to mid-rapidity inclusive $π^{\pm}$ spectra, jet sub-structure, Drell-Yan production, and underlying event measurements from RHIC and the Tevatron, as well as underlying event data from the Large Hadron Collider. With respect to the default PYTHIA 8 Monash Tune, the new `Detroit' tune shows significant improvements in the description of the ex…
Matching Matrix Elements and Parton Showers with HERWIG and PYTHIA
我们报告我们的探索匹配矩阵元计算与事件发生器HERWIG和Pythia中包含的部分子簇射模型。我们描述了e+e碰撞和W玻色子和Drell-Yan对的强子产生的结果。我们比较的方法的基础上（1）严格执行的想法提出的Catani等人，(2)一个推广的基础上使用内部Sudakov形状因子的HERWIG和Pythia，和（3）一个简单的建议M。曼加诺在适当的情况下，我们展示了对尺度和聚类的各种选择的依赖性，这些尺度和聚类不影响预测的软限制和共线限制，但具有现象学意义。最后，我们评论如何使用这些结果的状态系统误差的理论预测。
In the era of precision physics measurements at the LHC, efficient and exhaustive estimations of theoretical uncertainties play an increasingly crucial role. In the context of Monte Carlo (MC) event generators, the estimation of such uncertainties traditionally requires independent MC runs for each variation, for a linear increase in total run time. In this work, we report on an automated evaluation of the dominant (renormalization-scale and non-singular) perturbative uncertainties in the PYTHIA 8 event generator, with only a modest computational overhead. Each generated event is accompanied b…
Tools for event generator tuning and validation
我描述了MCnet工具的当前状态，用于验证事件发生器模拟数据的性能，并调整其现象学的自由参数。对于验证，Rivet工具包现在是一个成熟而完整的系统，具有大型的突出基准分析库。在调谐方面，教授系统最近完成了Pythia 6的第一个调谐，对现有的默认调谐进行了实质性改进，并有可能极大地帮助LHC研究建立新的发电机。
ππscattering at low energy: status report
我讨论的状态正在进行的工作，以确定数值的弹性$ππ$散射振幅为$p^6$手征微扰理论的框架。
The Electroweak Phase Transition: A Status Report
1995年9月在Erice举行的“普朗克能量标度下的弦引力和物理学”会议上发表的讲话，总结了目前对电弱相变的理解。
Experimental Status Report on Vector Meson Spectroscopy
讨论了光矢量介子谱学的实验现状。本文介绍了在新西伯利亚VEPP-2 M对撞机上进行的$e^+e^-$实验的最新结果，并与1GeV ~ 2.5GeV质量区的旧数据进行了比较。
Asymptotic effects in jet production at high energies
讨论了BFKL演化的Monte Carlo事件模拟。我们报告当前状态的Monte Carlo事件发生器ULYSSES与BFKL进化实现。基于Pythia Monte Carlo发生器的ULYSSES将有助于揭示LHC能量下的BFKL效应。特别是，这样的可观测的dijet K因子可以作为BFKL动力学在LHC的来源，它也将有助于寻找新的物理。
Towards a fragmentation model for Sherpa
一些结果突出了一个新版本的群集碎裂模型的Monte Carlo事件发生器夏尔巴的状态。在目前的版本中，这个模型能够模拟e+e湮灭事件进入光夸克和胶子喷注。我们比较不同的多重性和动量分布的结果，可用的SLD和LEP数据，以及与Herwig和Pythia获得的结果。
Two Detector Reactor Neutrino Oscillation Experiment Kr2Det at Krasnoyarsk. Status Report
我们考虑Kr 2Det计划的现状，该计划旨在对Dm 2 ~ 3 × 10 -3 eV 2附近大气中微子质量参数区域中的中微子振荡进行灵敏的搜索，并获得关于电子中微子质量结构（Ue 3）的新信息。
Reweighting Monte Carlo Predictions and Automated Fragmentation Variations in Pythia 8
本文提出一种基于蒙特卡洛否决算法的重加权方法，将事件集合重新解释为不同参数下的结果，以高效估计 Pythia 8 中包括 Lund 弦碎裂在内的不确定性，无需重跑完整模拟。
Status Report of NNLO QCD Calculations
本文综述了近几年来在近主导阶（NNLO）微扰QCD计算方面的进展，特别强调了可用于唯象学应用的结果。重要的例子是关于结构函数和喷流或希格斯玻色子玻色子产生的新结果。此外，我们描述了新的计算技术的基础上扭曲和他们的潜力，多粒子振幅的有效计算。
RG flow of the Polyakov-loop potential: First status report
在泛函重整化群的框架下研究了有限温度下的SU（2）Yang-Mills理论。我们专注于有效的潜在的Polyakov循环作为一个序参量的限制。在这第一个状态报告中，我们专注于在高温下的有效Polyakov回路电位的行为。除了标准的微扰结果，我们的研究结果提供了关于“RG改进”的Polyakov环波动的潜在的反反应的信息。我们证明，这些波动建立凸性的有效潜力。
Status report on TAUOLA, its environment, and its applications
评述了高能加速器实验中τ轻子产生和衰变的蒙特卡罗模拟程序的现状。特别讨论了下列一揽子计划的状况：（i）TAUOLA用于τ轻子衰变，PHOTOS用于衰变中的辐射校正，（ii）MC-TESTER用于描述粒子衰变的Monte Carlo程序的通用测试，（iii）KORALB、KORALZ、KKMC包用于e+e碰撞中的τ对产生，（iv）TAUOLA对“任何”发生器产生的τ轻子衰变的通用接口。
A status report concerning theoretical predictions for various kaon decays
各种K介子衰变的理论预测的简短概述。特别注意的是，在手征微扰理论的框架内，纯和辐射非轻子衰变。KLOE的未来结果的相关性，以提高我们的知识K介子物理和更普遍的标准模型在低能量也强调。
Polarized structure functions: a status report
本文综述了在深度非弹性散射中测量极化结构函数的现状。我们讨论了结构函数g_1对x和Q^2的依赖性，以及如何用它来检验次领先阶及更高阶的微扰QCD。本文总结了极化部分子分布的现有知识，特别是夸克和胶子分布的一阶矩以及核子轴荷的确定。我们批判性地研究什么未来的实验可以教我们的极化结构的核子。
CompHEP 4.5 Status Report
我们提出了一个新版本的CompHEP程序包，版本4.5。我们描述了在版本中实现的新选项和技术：ROOT和HERWIG接口，并行计算，在事件文件中生成基于XML的头文件（HepML），完全实现Les Houches协议（LHA I，SUSY LHA，LHA PDF，Les Houches事件格式），中间标量共振的级联匹配等。
Herwig++ Status Report
Herwig++是事件生成器HERWIG的继承者。在目前的2.2.1版本中，它提供了一个完整的LHC事件生成程序，该程序在许多方面优于以前的程序。我们简要地总结了它的特点，并描述了目前的工作和一些未来的计划。
Vacuum Oscillation solutions of the Solar Neutrino Problem : A status Report
我们重新审查太阳中微子问题的真空振荡解决方案，采取（a）的结果，总率，电子能谱，和季节变化的708天的SuperKamiokande数据和（b）的总率的氯和镓实验。混合角和质量分裂的最佳拟合值被发现的振荡序列和无菌中微子和90%C. L。确定允许的区域。
We discuss the result with full mass dependence for the virtual NNLO QCD corrections to the W boson pair production in the quark-anti-quark annihilation channel. We also report on our progress regarding the treatment of the double-real radiative corrections which, along with the virtual-real corrections, are the other two necessary ingredients for a theoretical prediction of the total cross section for W+ W- production to NNLO accuracy.
Lattice Gauge Theory: Status Report 1994
我们报道了格点规范理论的最新进展和结果。其中包括强耦合常数$α_s$和b夸克质量$M_b$的测定以及K介子B参数$B_K$的更新。本文综述了重介子衰变常数和半轻子B、D介子衰变形状因子的晶格结果。第一次尝试研究Isgur-Wise函数和辐射企鹅衰变过程，$B \rightarrow K^*\,γ$，在晶格上进行了讨论。（1994年7月在格拉斯哥举行的ICHEP 94会议上发表的评论谈话）OHSTPY-HEP-T-94-016
Employing an approach based on the Green functions of Landau-gauge QCD, some selected results from a calculation of meson and baryon properties are presented. A rainbow-ladder truncation to the quark Dyson-Schwinger equation is used to arrive at a unified description of mesons and baryons by solving Bethe-Salpeter and covariant Faddeev equations, respectively.
We give a status report on the theory of resummed quantum gravity. We recapitulate the use of our resummed quantum gravity approach to Einstein's general theory of relativity to estimate the value of the cosmological constant as $ρ_Λ=(0.0024{\mathrm{eV}})^4$. The estimate is made in the context of the Planck scale cosmology formulation of Bonanno and Reuter. We discuss the constraints on susy GUT models that follow from the closeness of the estimate to experiment. Various consistency checks on the calculation are addressed and we use the Heisenberg uncertainty principle to remove a large part …
TAUOLA the library for tau lepton decay, and KKMC/KORALB/KORALZ/... status report
评述了高能加速器实验中$τ$轻子产生和衰变的蒙特卡罗模拟程序的现状。特别讨论了下列程序包的现状：（i）用于τ轻子衰变的TAUOLA，（ii）用于衰变辐射修正的PHOTOS，（iii）用于e+e碰撞中产生τ对的KORALB，KORALZ，KKMC程序包和（iv）用于“任何”发生器产生的τ轻子衰变的TAUOLA通用接口。特别强调新的和未来的实验的要求。同时保持不同的物理初始化TAUOLA的软件组织的一些考虑也包括在内。
Electroweak Baryogenesis: A Status Report
有许多理由相信，在知识管理矩阵的各个阶段之外，可能存在新的违反CP的来源。其中之一是电弱重子发生的可能性。本文描述了这一课题的一些最新进展，并对最小标准模型本身可能是重子不对称性的起源的可能性作了一些评论。发表于1993年11月16日至18日第三届KEK关于CP破坏及其对粒子物理学和宇宙学的影响的专题会议论文集。
On the effective Hamiltonian for QCD: An overview and status report
有效哈密顿和手征动力学的会议进行了概述，结合对束缚态问题的审查。在这一会议期间的进展允许消除所有依赖于正则化的有效相互作用，从而重新正规化的哈密顿量的第一次，并解决前形式，如果他们是即时形式的方程，与所有的优势暗示。
Status reports from the GRACE Group
我们讨论了一种新的方法的数值计算的环路积分。给出了一个红外单圈顶点和一个盒形图的全数值计算。为了执行这些计算，我们应用基于$ε$算法的外推法。在我们的方法中，超高精度控制的数值操作是必不可少的红外奇异处理。我们采用一个多精度库{ \tt HMLib}来控制计算的精度。
There is ample evidence, dating as far back as Low's theorem, that the universality of soft emissions extends beyond leading power in the soft energy. This universality can, in principle, be exploited to generalise the formalism of threshold resummations beyond leading power in the threshold variable. In the past years, several phenomenological approaches have been partially successful in performing such a resummation. Here, we briefly review some recent developments which pave the way to a solution of this problem, at least for electroweak annihilation processes.
Current Status of Radiative B Decays
介绍了辐射包容和排斥B衰变的现状报告。
QCD Potential and ttbar Threshold Cross Section --- Status Report ---
在ttbar阈值截面的分析中，我们考虑了对静态QCD势的完全二阶修正。然后，我们检查的动量空间方法和坐标空间方法，这是最近发现的结果之间的差异。与我们的预期相反，通过包括二阶校正的差异的减少是非常小的。仍然存在一个不可忽略的偏差，这是由于两个空间中势的构造不同造成的。我们仔细研究这个问题。特别是，我们估计我们目前的理论不确定性的ttbar阈值截面在峰值内微扰QCD至少为6%。
TAUOLA, TAUOLA universal interface PHOTOS and MC-TESTER: Status Report
综述了高能加速器实验中τ轻子产生和衰变的蒙特卡罗模拟程序的现状。自从2006年的上次τ轻子会议以来，没有必要对计划的组织进行任何基本的改变。小的规模，但实际的，在高精度的混合语言环境中使用的程序的扩展正在介绍：（一）对于TAUOLA Monte Carlo发生器的τ轻子衰变，自动化和同时使用的形状因子的许多版本的计算的可选权重的拟合进行了讨论。会上介绍了一个使用该工具的试点实例。(ii)给出了用PHOTOS Monte Carlo方法对W衰变中QED韧致辐射的新检验。(iii)提到了基于HepMC（C++事件记录）的TAUOLA通用接口的原型版本。讨论了利用MC-TESTER进行的测试。所呈现的结果说明了与Vladimir Cherepanov、Nadia Davidson、Piotr Golonka、Gizo Nanava、Tomasz Przedzinski Elzbieta Richter-Was等人合作开展的项目的状况。
We present 9 new tunes of the pT-ordered shower and underlying-event model in PYTHIA 6.4. These "Perugia" tunes update and supersede the older "S0" family. The data sets used to constrain the models include hadronic Z0 decays at LEP, Tevatron minimum-bias data at 630, 1800, and 1960 GeV, Tevatron Drell-Yan data at 1800 and 1960 GeV, and SPS min-bias data at 200, 546, and 900 GeV. In addition to the central parameter set, called "Perugia 0", we introduce a set of 8 related "Perugia Variations" that attempt to systematically explore soft, hard, parton density, and colour structure variations in …
At the present time, there are discrepancies with the predictions of the SM in several observables involving $b \to s \ell^+ \ell^-$ and $b \to c \ell^- {\barν}_\ell$ decays. These are the $B$ flavour anomalies. In this review, we summarize the data as of Moriond 2021 and present theoretical new-physics explanations from both a model-independent effective-field-theory point of view and through the building of explicit models. Throughout, we stress the complementarity of these two approaches. We also discuss combined explanations of both $B$ anomalies, and present models that also explain other…
The NOMAD Experiment : Status Report
NOMAD实验是为了在CERN宽带中微子束中寻找中微子τ的出现而设计的。该探测器现已完成，并得到进一步改进。所有子探测器工作正常。该实验的振荡搜索是基于运动学准则的，经过两年的运行，将达到最大混合的灵敏度dm 2> 0.7 eV 2，混合角sin 2 2θ> 3.8E-4的灵敏度dm 2> 50 eV 2，从而有可能探索宇宙学感兴趣的区域。1994年和1995年数据样本的初步测量结果。
SU(3) Chiral Effective Field Theories -- A Status Report --
本文对SU（3）手征微扰理论在重子区的研究现状作了一个个人的综述。报告介绍了最近的事态发展，并指出了仍然存在的挑战。
I review the main results that have been obtained so far on the construction of noncommutative GUTs
The Charmonium Spectrum on the Lattice: A Status Report
我们提出我们的最新结果的粲谱使用相对论威尔逊费米子。我们研究了能谱对粲夸克质量和Wohlert-Sheikholeslami改进项的依赖性。
Light quark masses: a status report at DPF 2000
本文综述了QCD求和规则和格点量子色动力学模拟中轻夸克质量的提取。重点是仔细说明每个计算中的潜在弱点，并整合不同合作的工作，以提供一个连贯的画面。
Understanding the transverse-spherocity biased data from pp collisions at the LHC energies
本文利用PYTHIA 8研究ALICE实验中横向球度偏置数据与模型预测差异的起源，发现差异源于PYTHIA 8对多喷注产额的过高预测，且随带电粒子多重数增加而增大，对理解pp碰撞事件分类偏置具有重要意义。
We discuss unquenching of the three-gluon vertex via its Dyson-Schwinger equation. We review the role of Furry's theorem and present first results for the quark triangle diagrams using non-perturbatively calculated dressing functions for the quark propagator and the quark-gluon vertex.
This is a status report of the WHIZARD Monte Carlo multi-purpose event generator given at the LCFORUM 2012 at DESY. I review here the development of the WHIZARD generator version 2 with a special emphasis on linear collider physics. In case you use the program, please do cite the official reference(s).
The India-based Neutrino Observatory (INO) is a proposed underground facility located in India that will primarily house the magnetised Iron CALorimeter (ICAL) detector to study atmospheric neutrinos produced by interactions of cosmic rays with Earth's atmosphere. The physics goal is to to make precision measurements of the neutrino mixing and oscillation parameters through such a study. We present here the results from detailed simulations studies, as well as a status report on the project. In particular, we highlight the sensitivity of ICAL to the open issue of the neutrino mass ordering, wh…
In these proceedings I review the status of an ongoing project that aims at solving the quark propagator Dyson-Schwinger equation in the complex domain. The novel aspect of the approach is that the non-analyticities arising throughout the iteration of the equation are to be taken into account in an appropriate way through dynamic contour deformation. Because of the complexity of the approach, these studies are undertaken in a heavily truncated scenario that serves as a toy model for the development of the numerical techniques that are required to treat the system in a mathematically sound way.
A Status Report on Chiral Dynamics: Theory and Experiment
本文介绍了1994年7月25-29日在麻省理工学院举行的手性动力学理论与实验研讨会的概况，其特点是理论与实验并重。讲习班的目的是使许多积极参与者聚集一堂，评估该领域的现状，并探讨富有成果的未来方向。本文综述了该理论的基础和研究现状，以及该领域的实验研究现状。为了便于讨论未来的方向，组织了关于光/电介子产生阈值、双π介子阈值和手征反常、核子极化率、π介子和σ极化率、$π-π$相互作用和$π$ -N相互作用的工作组;这些主题是讲习班实验方面的重点。
The New Heavy Mesons: A Status Report
本文综述了新重介子的实验、唯象和理论研究现状。讨论的状态是$B_c$、$h_c$、$η_c'$、$D_s(2317)$、$D_s(2460)$、X（3872）、X（3940）、Y（3940）、Z（3930）和Y（4260）。本文综述了用于描述光谱、强衰变和强子相互作用的夸克模型，并将其用于解释这些新态。强衰变模型，束缚态衰变，介子分子，X（3872）的性质，和手征双重模型的新结果也被提出。
Lattice QCD: a critical status report
指出了近年来格点量子色动力学所取得的实质性进展。我比较了几种格点量子色动力学公式的模拟成本和系统效应，并讨论了一些主题，如格子间距标度，手征微扰理论的应用，非微扰重整化和有限体积效应。此外，还强调了展示普遍性的重要性。
QCD Phase Diagram at small Baryon Densities from Imaginary mu: Status Report
本文总结了Nf = 3QCD的（T，μ）-相图的最新结果.我们发现临界端点μ c随夸克质量m的变化很大，指出实验所能达到的端点需要精细调谐的夸克质量。我们进一步讨论了将我们的结果推广到物理N_f=2+1理论的策略和第一批数据。
The current status of the QUAX R\&D program is presented. QUAX is a feasibility study for a detection of axion as dark matter based on the coupling to the electrons. The relevant signal is a magnetization change of a magnetic material placed inside a resonant microwave cavity and polarized with a static magnetic field.
In this article, we briefly review the recent progress related to extracting the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) specific shear viscosity from the flow data measured at Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider (RHIC) and the Large Hadron Collider (LHC).
We report the current status of $\varepsilon_K$, the indirect CP violation parameter in the neutral kaon system, evaluated using the lattice QCD inputs. We use lattice QCD to fix $\hat{B}_K$, $ξ_0$, $ξ_2$, $|V_{us}|$, $m_c(m_c)$, and $|V_{cb}|$. Since Lattice 2015, FLAG updated $\hat{B}_K$, exclusive $V_{cb}$ has been updated with new lattice data in the $\bar{B}\to D\ellν$ decay channel, and RBC-UKQCD has updated $ξ_0$ and $ξ_2$. Our preliminary results show that the standard model evaluation of $\varepsilon_K$ with exclusive $|V_{cb}|$ (lattice QCD inputs) has $3.2σ$ tension with the experim…
Chiral Effective Field Theories with explicit Spin 3/2 Degrees of Freedom---A Status Report
本文介绍了用显式自旋3/2物质场的有效手征场论计算低能核子性质的最新进展。特别是，在微观计算的异常磁矩的核子的Delta共振的作用进行了讨论和比较，晶格数据进行。此外，还讨论了Delta对核子的等矢量泡利形状因子的影响以及在计算等矢量核子-Delta跃迁形状因子时所面临的问题。
Although they do not address the hierarchy problem, models with Universal Extra Dimensions have attracted a lot of attention as simple benchmark models characterized by small mass splittings and a dark matter WIMP played by the Lightest Kaluza-Klein particle (LKP). We review their status, with emphasis on the minimal implementation in 5 dimensions (MUED) in which the LKP is a massive hypercharge gauge boson. In this case, the mass range accounting for the correct dark matter abundance (around 1.4 TeV) remains untouched by LHC8 and is out of reach of present DM direct detection experiments. How…
Midterm Status Report of the ILC Technology Network Activities
ILC技术网络中期报告总结了当前工程研究进展及国际合作情况。
We review the current status of the global DGLAP analysis of nuclear parton distribution functions, nPDFs, focusing on the recent EPS09 analysis, whose output, EPS09NLO, is the best-constrained NLO nPDF set on the market. Collinear factorization is found to work very well in the kinematical region studied. With the error sets released in the EPS09 package one can compute how the nPDF-related uncertainties propagate into factorizable nuclear hard-process cross sections. A comparison with the other existing NLO nPDF sets is shown, and the BRAHMS forward-$η$ hadron data from d+Au collisions are d…
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