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arXiv 0808.3773quant-phcond-mat.otherhep-thmath-phmath.MP
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纠缠熵的面积定律

Area laws for the entanglement entropy - a review

J. Eisert, M. Cramer, M. B. Plenio

摘要:

量子多体系统中的物理相互作用通常是局部的:单个组分主要与它们的少数近邻相互作用。这种相互作用的局部性是由关联函数的衰减所继承的,但也反映在一个相当深刻的量的标度律中:基态的纠缠熵。一个子区域的约化态的熵通常只是像子区域的边界区域那样增长,而不是像它的体积那样增长,这与预期的广泛行为形成鲜明对比。这种纠缠熵和相关量的“面积定律”近年来受到了相当大的关注。它们出现在几个看似无关的领域,在黑洞物理学,量子信息科学和量子多体物理学的背景下,它们对晶格模型的数值模拟有重要的影响。在这次座谈会上,我们回顾了这些领域的地区法的现状。中心阶段采取严格的结果晶格模型在一个和更高的空间维度。强调玻色子和费米子模型之间的差异和相似之处,面积法与信息传播的速度,无序系统,非平衡的情况下,经典的相关概念,拓扑纠缠熵进行了讨论。文章的一个重要部分是致力于量子态的纠缠含量和有效的数值模拟的可能性之间的定量联系。我们讨论矩阵乘积状态,高维类似物,纠缠重整化状态,并通过强调面积定律对量化模拟中需要考虑的有效自由度的影响得出结论。

英文摘要:

Physical interactions in quantum many-body systems are typically local: Individual constituents interact mainly with their few nearest neighbors. This locality of interactions is inherited by a decay of correlation functions, but also reflected by scaling laws of a quite profound quantity: The entanglement entropy of ground states. This entropy of the reduced state of a subregion often merely grows like the boundary area of the subregion, and not like its volume, in sharp contrast with an expected extensive behavior. Such "area laws" for the entanglement entropy and related quantities have received considerable attention in recent years. They emerge in several seemingly unrelated fields, in the context of black hole physics, quantum information science, and quantum many-body physics where they have important implications on the numerical simulation of lattice models. In this Colloquium we review the current status of area laws in these fields. Center stage is taken by rigorous results on lattice models in one and higher spatial dimensions. The differences and similarities between bosonic and fermionic models are stressed, area laws are related to the velocity of information propagation, and disordered systems, non-equilibrium situations, classical correlation concepts, and topological entanglement entropies are discussed. A significant proportion of the article is devoted to the quantitative connection between the entanglement content of states and the possibility of their efficient numerical simulation. We discuss matrix-product states, higher-dimensional analogues, and states from entanglement renormalization and conclude by highlighting the implications of area laws on quantifying the effective degrees of freedom that need to be considered in simulations.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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