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arXiv 0807.4175astro-phastro-ph.CO
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爱因斯坦十字:恒星动力学和引力透镜对暗物质的约束

The Einstein Cross: constraint on dark matter from stellar dynamics and gravitational lensing

Glenn van de Ven, Jesus Falcon-Barroso, Richard M. McDermid, Michele Cappellari, Bryan W. Miller, P. Tim de Zeeuw

摘要:

[摘要]我们提出了爱因斯坦十字架中透镜星系的二维视线恒星运动学,用GEMINI 8米望远镜获得,使用GMOS积分场摄谱仪。速度图显示,围绕着凸起的短轴有规律地旋转,速度高达~100 km/s,与轴对称一致。速度弥散图显示了一个向中心(R<1”)值σ_0 =170+/-9 km/s增加的弱梯度。我们从HST成像的观测到的表面亮度,以获得一个现实的光度密度的透镜星系,这反过来又被用来建立轴对称的动力学模型,适合所观察到的运动学地图。我们还构造了一个引力透镜模型,它精确地拟合了四个类星体图像的位置和相对通量。我们发现,在爱因斯坦半径R_E = 0.89”附近,所得到的发光分布和总质量分布几乎是相同的,其斜率接近等温,但如果质量确实随光运动,则斜率向中心变浅。动力学模型与观测到的运动学图拟合得到总质光比(M/L)_dyn=3.7+/-0.5 M_sun/L_sun,I(在I波段)。这与爱因斯坦质量M_E = 1.54 x 10^10 M_sun除以(投影)光度在R_E内,总质光比为(M/L)_E=3.4 M_sun/L_sun,I,我们用适合透镜星系颜色的恒星星族模型估算了一个恒星质光比(M/L)_* 在2.8 ~ 4.1 M_sun/L_sun范围内,I.虽然不排除恒定的暗物质比例为20%,但暗物质可能在这个~L* 早型螺旋星系的凸起中没有发挥重要作用。

英文摘要:

[Abridged] We present two-dimensional line-of-sight stellar kinematics of the lens galaxy in the Einstein Cross, obtained with the GEMINI 8m telescope, using the GMOS integral-field spectrograph. The velocity map shows regular rotation up to ~100 km/s around the minor axis of the bulge, consistent with axisymmetry. The velocity dispersion map shows a weak gradient increasing towards a central (R<1") value of sigma_0=170+/-9 km/s. We deproject the observed surface brightness from HST imaging to obtain a realistic luminosity density of the lens galaxy, which in turn is used to build axisymmetric dynamical models that fit the observed kinematic maps. We also construct a gravitational lens model that accurately fits the positions and relative fluxes of the four quasar images. We find that the resulting luminous and total mass distribution are nearly identical around the Einstein radius R_E = 0.89", with a slope that is close to isothermal, but which becomes shallower towards the center if indeed mass follows light. The dynamical model fits to the observed kinematic maps result in a total mass-to-light ratio (M/L)_dyn=3.7+/-0.5 M_sun/L_sun,I (in the I-band). This is consistent with the Einstein mass M_E = 1.54 x 10^10 M_sun divided by the (projected) luminosity within R_E, which yields a total mass-to-light ratio of (M/L)_E=3.4 M_sun/L_sun,I, with an error of at most a few per cent. We estimate from stellar populations model fits to colors of the lens galaxy a stellar mass-to-light ratio (M/L)_* from 2.8 to 4.1 M_sun/L_sun,I. Although a constant dark matter fraction of 20 per cent is not excluded, dark matter may play no significant role in the bulge of this ~L* early-type spiral galaxy.

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