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arXiv 0711.0882astro-ph
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椭圆星系中强引力透镜和恒星动力学的宇宙学参数

Cosmological parameters from strong gravitational lensing and stellar dynamics in elliptical galaxies

C. Grillo, M. Lombardi, G. Bertin

摘要:

我们展示了如何将观测结果与椭圆星系中的强引力透镜和恒星动力学相结合,为测量宇宙物质和暗能量密度参数提供了一种新的方法。一旦知道系统的临界密度,就可以通过测量爱因斯坦角来获得封闭在爱因斯坦圆内的质量的引力透镜估计。一个依赖于模型的动力学估计,这个质量也可以通过测量恒星组件的中心速度色散。通过假设透镜椭圆星系中总密度分布的同系1/r^{2}分布经过了很好的检验,这两个质量测量值可以进行适当的比较。由此导出了爱因斯坦角与中心恒星速度色散之间的关系,并由此估算了宇宙物质和暗能量密度参数。我们通过模拟确定了宇宙学参数估计的准确性,其中包括相关量的实际测量不确定性。有趣的是,宇宙学参数平面上的预期约束与来自其他观测技术的约束是互补的。然后,我们将该方法应用于斯隆透镜ACS和透镜结构和动力学调查的数据集,并表明暗能量密度参数在0.7和0.8之间的一致性值包括在我们的99%置信区间内。目前可用的透镜数量很少,这使我们无法精确地确定宇宙学参数,但它仍然证明了该方法的可行性。当应用于由数百个透镜制成的样本时,预计将在即将进行的调查中获得,这种技术将成为测量宇宙几何形状的重要工具。

英文摘要:

We show how the combination of observations related to strong gravitational lensing and stellar dynamics in ellipticals offers a new way to measure the cosmological matter and dark-energy density parameters. A gravitational lensing estimate of the mass enclosed inside the Einstein circle can be obtained by measuring the Einstein angle, once the critical density of the system is known. A model-dependent dynamical estimate of this mass can also be obtained by measuring the central velocity dispersion of the stellar component. By assuming the well-tested homologous 1/r^{2} profile for the total density distribution in the lens elliptical galaxies, these two mass measurements can be properly compared. Thus, a relation between the Einstein angle and the central stellar velocity dispersion is derived, and the cosmological matter and the dark-energy density parameters can be estimated from this. We determined the accuracy of the cosmological parameter estimates by means of simulations that include realistic measurement uncertainties on the relevant quantities. Interestingly, the expected constraints on the cosmological parameter plane are complementary to those coming from other observational techniques. Then, we applied the method to the data sets of the Sloan Lens ACS and the Lenses Structure and Dynamics Surveys, and showed that the concordance value between 0.7 and 0.8 for the dark-energy density parameter is included in our 99% confidence regions. The small number of lenses available to date prevents us from precisely determining the cosmological parameters, but it still proves the feasibility of the method. When applied to samples made of hundreds of lenses that are expected to become available from forthcoming surveys, this technique will be an important tool for measuring the geometry of the Universe.

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