All the connections, pure toward the nilpotent structure, are found. Examples of manifolds, for which the curvature tensor is pure or hybrid, are given. For a manifold of B-type a necessary and sufficient condition for purity of the curvature tensor is proved. It is verified that the conformal change of the metric of a B-manifold does not retain its purity.
We exhibit pseudo Riemannian manifolds which are Szabó nilpotent of arbitrary order, or which are Osserman nilpotent of arbitrary order, or which are Ivanov-Petrova nilpotent of order 3.
Pseudo-Riemannian manifolds of balanced signature which are both spacelike and timelike Jordan Osserman nilpotent of order 2 and of order 3 have been constructed previously. In this short note, we shall construct pseudo-Riemannian manifolds of signature (2s,s) for any s (which is at least 2) which are spacelike Jordan Osserman nilpotent of order 3 but which are not timelike Jordan Osserman. Our example and techniques are quite different from known previously both in that they are not in neutral signature and that the manifolds constructed will be spacelike but not timelike Jordan Osserman.
Let $M$ be a complete Riemannian metric of sectional curvature within $[-a^2,-1]$ whose fundamental group contains a $k$-step nilpotent subgroup of finite index. We prove that $a\ge k$ answering a question of M. Gromov. Furthermore, we show that for any $ε>0$, the manifold $M$ admits a complete Riemannian metric of sectional curvature within $[-(k+ε)^2,-1]$.
Some nilpotent Lie groups possess a transformation group analogous to the similarity group acting on the Euclidean space. We call such a pair a nilpotent similarity structure. It is notably the case for all Carnot groups and their dilatations. We generalize a theorem of Fried: closed manifolds with a nilpotent similarity structure are either complete or radiant and, in the latter case, complete for the structure of the space deprived of a point. The proof relies on a generalization of convexity arguments in a setting where, in the coordinates given by the Lie algebra, we study geodesic segment…
We find formal and holomorphic normal forms for a class of meromorphic connections (the so-called $(TE)$-structures) over the irreducible $2$-dimensional globally nilpotent $F$-manifold germ $\mathcal N_{2}$. We find normal forms for Euler fields on $\mathcal N_{2}$ and we characterize the Euler fields on $\mathcal N_{2}$ which are induced by a $(TE)$-structure.
We prove that there do not exist quasi-isometric embeddings of connected nonabelian nilpotent Lie groups equipped with left invariant Riemannian metrics into a metric measure space satisfying the RCD(0,N), with N > 1. In fact, we can prove that a subRiemannian manifold whose generic degree of nonholonomy is not smaller than 2 can not be biLipschitzly embedded in any Banach space with the Radon-Nikodym property. We also get that every regular sub-Riemannian manifold do not satisfy the CD(K,N) with N > 1. We also prove that the subRiemannian manifold is infinitesimally Hilbert space.
The goal of this paper is to study the stability of pure nilpotent structures on a manifold associated to different collapsed metrics. We prove that if two metrics on a $n$-manifold of bounded sectional curvature are $L_0$-bi-Lipchitz equivalent and sufficient collapsed (depending on $L_0$ and $n$), then up to a diffeomorphism, the underlying nilpotent Killing structures coincide with each other or one is embedded into another as a subsheaf. It improves Cheeger-Fukaya-Gromov's locally compatibility of pure nilpotent Killing structures for one collapsed metric of bounded sectional curvature to …
In this article, we study complete pseudo-Riemannian manifolds whose cone admits a parallel symmetric 2-tensorfield. The situation splits in three cases: nilpotent, decomposable or complex Riemannian. In the complex Riemannian and decomposable cases we provide a classification. In the nilpotent case, we are able to describe completely only a dense open subset of the manifold. To conclude, we give examples with non-constant curvature in the nilpotent case.
The study of quasi-Kähler Chern-flat almost Hermitian manifolds is strictly related to the study of anti-bi-invariant almost complex Lie algebras. In the present paper we show that quasi-Kähler Chern-flat almost Hermitian structures on compact manifolds are in correspondence to complex parallelisable Hermitian structures satisfying the second Gray identity. From an algebraic point of view this correspondence reads as a natural correspondence between anti-bi-invariant almost complex structures on Lie algebras to bi-invariant complex structures. Some natural algebraic problems are approached and…
In this paper we attempt to give a systematic account on privileged coordinates and the nilpotent approximation of Carnot manifolds. By a Carnot manifold it is meant a manifold with a distinguished filtration of subbundles of the tangent bundle which is compatible with the Lie bracket of vector fields. This paper lies down the background for its sequel by clarifying a few points on privileged coordinates and the nilpotent approximation of Carnot manifolds. In particular, we give a description of all the systems of privileged coordinates at a given point. We also give an algebraic characterizat…
An algebraic curvature tensor A is said to be Jacobi-Tsankov if J(x)J(y)=J(y)J(x) for all x,y. This implies J(x)J(x)=0 for all x; necessarily A=0 in the Riemannian setting. Furthermore, this implies J(x)J(y)=0 for all x,y if the dimension is at most 13. We exhibit a 14-dimensional algebraic curvature tensor in signature (8,6) which is Jacobi--Tsankov but which has J(x)J(y) non 0 for some x,y. We determine the group of symmetries of this tensor and show that it is geometrically realizable by a wide variety of pseudo-Riemannian manifolds which are geodesically complete and have vanishing scalar …
Let $(X,J)$ be a nilmanifold with a left-invariant nilpotent complex structure. We study the existence of $p$-Kähler structures (which include Kähler and balanced metrics) on $X$. More precisely, we determine an optimal $p$ such that there are no $p$-Kähler structures on $X$. Finally, we show that, contrarily to the Kähler case, on compact complex manifolds there is no relation between the existence of balanced metrics and the degeneracy step of the Frölicher spectral sequence. More precisely, on balanced manifolds the degeneracy step can be arbitrarily large.
We study conformal actions of connected nilpotent Lie groups on compact pseudo-Riemannian manifolds. We prove that if a type-(p,q) compact manifold M supports a conformal action of a connected nilpotent group H, then the degree of nilpotence of H is at most 2p+1, assuming p <= q; further, if this maximal degree is attained, then M is conformally equivalent to the universal type-(p,q), compact, conformally flat space, up to finite covers. The proofs make use of the canonical Cartan geometry associated to a pseudo-Riemannian conformal structure.
One way of producing explicit Riemannian 6-manifolds with holonomy SU(3) is by integrating a flow of SU(2)-structures on a 5-manifold, called the hypo evolution flow. In this paper we classify invariant hypo SU(2)-structures on nilpotent 5-dimensional Lie groups. We characterize the hypo evolution flow in terms of gauge transformations, and study the flow induced on the variety of frames on a Lie algebra taken up to automorphisms. We classify the orbits of this flow for all hypo nilpotent structures, obtaining several families of cohomogeneity one metrics with holonomy contained in SU(3). We p…
We show that if the structure algebra of a Riemannian foliation F on a closed manifold M is nilpotent, then the integral of the Álvarez class of (M,F) along every closed path is the exponential of an algebraic number. By this result and the continuity of the Álvarez class under deformations shown in arXiv:1009.1098v2, we prove that the Álvarez class and the geometrically tautness of Riemannian foliations on a closed manifold M are invariant under deformation, if the fundamental group of M has polynomial growth.
This paper is a sequel of arxiv:1709.09045 and deals with privileged coordinates and nilpotent approximation of Carnot manifolds. By a Carnot manifold it is meant a manifold equipped with a filtration by subbundles of the tangent bundle which is compatible with the Lie bracket of vector fields. In this paper, we single out a special class of privileged coordinates in which the nilpotent approximation at a given point of a Carnot manifold is given by its tangent group. We call these coordinates Carnot coordinates. Examples of Carnot coordinates include Darboux coordinates on contact manifolds a…
In this paper we study contact structure on 2-step nilpotent, Heisenberg type Lie groups. We decompose this Lie groups to center and orthogonal complement, then investigate properties of both orthogonal Lie subgroups. Finally, we provide a connection between matchings in groups and field extensions and 2-step nilpotent Lie groups.
In the present paper we study flag manifold sigma-models that admit a zero-curvature representation. It is shown that these models may be naturally considered as interacting (holomorphic and anti-holomorphic) $βγ$-systems. Besides, using the theory of nilpotent orbits of complex Lie groups, we establish a relation to the principal chiral model.
We show that any $k$ Osserman Lorentzian algebraic curvature tensor has constant sectional curvature and give an elementary proof that any local 2 point homogeneous Lorentzian manifold has constant sectional curvature. We also show that a Szabó Lorentzian covariant derivative algebraic curvature tensor vanishes.
We study solutions to generalized Ricci flow on four-manifolds with a nilpotent, codimension $1$ symmetry. We show that all such flows are immortal, and satisfy type III curvature and diameter estimates. Using a new kind of monotone energy adapted to this setting, we show that blowdown limits lie in a canonical finite-dimensional family of solutions. The results are new for Ricci flow.
We study complex product structures on nilpotent Lie algebras, establishing some of their main properties, and then we restrict ourselves to 6 dimensions, obtaining the classification of 6-dimensional nilpotent Lie algebras admitting such structures. We prove that any complex structure which forms part of a complex product structure on a 6-dimensional nilpotent Lie algebra must be nilpotent in the sense of Cordero-Fernández-Gray-Ugarte. A study is made of the torsion-free connection associated to the complex product structure and we consider also the associated hypercomplex structures on the 1…
In this paper we investigate the existence of invariant SKT, balanced and generalized Kähler structures on compact quotients $Γ\backslash G$, where $G$ is an almost nilpotent Lie group whose nilradical has one-dimensional commutator and $Γ$ is a lattice of $G$. We first obtain a characterization of Hermitian almost nilpotent Lie algebras $\mathfrak{g}$ whose nilradical $\mathfrak{n}$ has one-dimensional commutator and a classification result in real dimension six. Then, we study the ones admitting SKT and balanced structures and we examine the behaviour of such structures under flows. In parti…
The geodesic orbit property has been studied intensively for Riemannian manifolds. Geodesic orbit spaces are homogeneous and allow simplifications of many structural questions using the Lie algebra of the isometry group. Weakly symmetric Riemannian manifolds are geodesic orbit spaces. Here we define "naturally reductive" for pseudo-Riemannian manifolds and note that they are geodesic orbit spaces. A few years ago two of the authors proved that weakly symmetric pseudo-Riemannian manifolds are geodesic orbit spaces. In particular these results apply to pseudo-Riemannian Lorentz manifolds. There …
It is known that a closed collapsed Riemannian $n$-manifold $(M,g)$ of bounded Ricci curvature and Reifenberg local covering geometry admits a nilpotent structure in the sense of Cheeger-Fukaya-Gromov with respect to a smoothed metric $g(t)$. We prove that a canonical nilpotent structure over a regular limit space that describes the collapsing of original metric $g$ can be defined and uniquely determined up to a conjugation, and prove that the nilpotent structures arising from nearby metrics $g_ε$ with respect to $g_ε$'s sectional curvature bound are equivalent to the canonical one.
We study HKT structures on nilpotent Lie groups and on associated nilmanifolds. We exhibit three weak HKT structures on $\R^8$ which are homogeneous with respect to extensions of Heisenberg type Lie groups. The corresponding hypercomplex structures are of a special kind, called abelian. We prove that on any 2-step nilpotent Lie group all invariant HKT structures arise from abelian hypercomplex structures. Furthermore, we use a correspondence between abelian hypercomplex structures and subspaces of ${\frak sp}(n)$ to produce continuous families of compact and noncompact of manifolds carrying no…
We show that almost nonnegatively curved m-dimensional manifolds are, up to finite cover, nilpotent spaces in the sense of homotopy theory and have C(m)-nilpotent fundamental groups. We also show that up to a finite cover almost nonnegatively curved manifolds are fiber bundles with simply connected fibers over nilmanifolds.
We give some examples of non-complete invariant affine connections on nilpotent and filiform Lie groups. This permits to describe non-nilpotent faithful representations on the model of filiform n-dimensional Lie algebras and, in particular, on the 3 dimensional Heisenberg algebra.
We study collapsed manifolds with Ricci bounded covering geometry i.e., Ricci curvature is bounded below and the Riemannian universal cover is non-collapsed or consists of uniform Reifenberg points. Via Ricci flows' techniques, we partially extend the nilpotent structural results of Cheeger-Fukaya-Gromov, on collapsed manifolds with (sectional curvature) local bounded covering geometry, to manifolds with (global) Ricci boundedcovering geometry.
This thesis was inspired by work of M. Cowling, F. De Mari, A. Koranyi and M. Reimann, who studied multicontact structures for the homogeneous manifolds G/P, where G is a semisimple Lie group and P is the minimal parabolic subgroup of G. The multicontact structure here arises naturally by the nilpotent component N of the Iwasawa decomposition of G, which is an open and dense subset of G/P. In the thesis two problems are addressed. The first one concerns the representation of simple Lie algebras in terms of polynomial algebras. More precisely, a polynomial basis for split simple Lie algebras is…
We classify non-nilpotent complex structures on 6-nilmanifolds and their associated invariant balanced metrics. As an application we find a large family of solutions of the heterotic supersymmetry equations with non-zero flux, non-flat instanton and constant dilaton satisfying the anomaly cancellation condition with respect to the Chern connection.
Ray nil-affine geometries are defined on nilpotent spaces. They occur in every parabolic geometry and in those cases, the nilpotent space is an open dense subset of the corresponding flag manifold. We are interested in closed manifolds having a ray nil-affine structure. We show that under a rank one condition on the isotropy, closed manifolds are either complete or their developing map is a cover onto the complement of a nil-affine subspace. We prove that if additionally there is a parallel volume or if the automorphism group acts non properly then closed manifolds are always complete.This pap…
We prove that no nilpotent Lie algebra admits an invariant generalized Kaehler structure. This is done by showing that a certain differential graded algebra associated to a generalized complex manifold is formal in the generalized Kaehler case, while it is never formal for a generalized complex structure on a nilpotent Lie algebra.
In this paper we prove that all manifolds with affine connection are globally projectively equivalent to some space with equiaffine connection (equiaffine manifold). These manifolds are characterised by a symmetric Ricci tensor.
A Riemannian almost product manifold with integrable almost product structure is called a Riemannian product manifold. In the present paper the natural connections on such manifolds are studied, i.e. the linear connections preserving the almost product structure and the Riemannian metric.
Relations between conjugate connections with respect to the pair of Norden metrics and to the almost complex structure on almost Norden manifolds are studied. Conjugate connections of the Levi-Civita connections induced by the Norden metrics are obtained. Statistical structures on almost Norden manifolds are considered.
In the present work, we introduce a linear connection (preserving the almost product structure and the Riemannian metric) on Riemannian almost product manifolds. This connection, called P-connection, is an analogue of the first canonical connection of Lichnerowicz in the Hermitian geometry and the B-connection in the geometry of the almost complex manifolds with Norden metric. Particularly, we consider the P-connection on a the class of manifolds with nonintegrable almost product structure.
The geodesic orbit property is useful and interesting in Riemannian geometry. It implies homogeneity and has important classes of Riemannian manifolds as special cases. Those classes include weakly symmetric Riemannian manifolds and naturally reductive Riemannian manifolds. The corresponding results for indefinite metric manifolds are much more delicate than in Riemannian signature, but in the last few years important corresponding structural results were proved for geodesic orbit Lorentz manifolds. Here we carry out a major step in the structural analysis of geodesic orbit Lorentz nilmanifold…
We exhibit 3 families of complete curvature homogeneous pseudo-Riemannian manifolds which are modeled on irreducible symmetric spaces and which are not locally homogeneous. All of the manifolds have nilpotent Jacobi operators; some of the manifolds are, in addition, Jordan Osserman and Jordan Ivanov-Petrova.
Verifying a conjecture of Gromov we establish a generalized Margulis Lemma for manifolds with lower Ricci curvature bound. Among the various applications are finiteness results for fundamental groups of compact $n$-manifolds with upper diameter and lower Ricci curvature bound modulo nilpotent normal subgroups.
It is well known that cohomology of any non-trivial 1-dimensional local system on a nilmanifold vanishes (this result is due to L. Alaniya). A complex nilmanifold is a quotient of a nilpotent Lie group equipped with a left-invariant complex structure by an action of a discrete, co-compact subgroup. We prove a Dolbeault version of Alaniya's theorem, showing that the Dolbeault cohomology of a nilpotent Lie algebra with coefficients in any non-trivial 1-dimensional local system vanishes. Note that the Dolbeault cohomology of the corresponding local system on the manifold is not necessarily zero. …
We study a generalization of Hodge structures which first appeared in the work of Cecotti and Vafa. It consists of twistors, that is, holomorphic vector bundles on P^1, with additional structure, a flat connection on C^*, a real subbundle and a pairing. We call these objects TERP-structures. We generalize to TERP-structures a correspondence of Cattani, Kaplan and Schmid between nilpotent orbits of Hodge structures and polarized mixed Hodge structures. The proofs use work of Simpson and Mochizuki on variations of twistor structures and a control of the Stokes structures of the poles at zero and…
We obtain restrictions on the topology of a closed connected manifold B that bounds a (possibly noncompact) manifold whose interior V admits a complete Riemannian metric of nonpositive sectional curvature. If G denotes the fundamental group of B, then a sample result is that B must be aspherical and incompressible if one of the following is true: (1) V has finite volume and G is virtually nilpotent, (2) G is virtually nilpotent and has no proper torsion-free quotients, (3) G is isomorphic to a uniform, irreducible lattice of real rank > 1.
We explore the geometry that underlies the osculating nilpotent group structures of the Heisenberg calculus. For a smooth manifold $M$ with a distribution $H\subseteq TM$ analysts use explicit (and rather complicated) coordinate formulas to define the nilpotent groups that are central to the calculus. Our aim in this paper is to provide insight in the intrinsic geometry that underlies these coordinate formulas. First, we introduce `parabolic arrows' as a generalization of tangent vectors. The definition of parabolic arrows involves a mix of first and second order derivatives. Parabolic arrows …
We present some examples of locally conformal symplectic structures of the first kind on compact nilmanifolds which do not admit Vaisman metrics. One of these examples does not admit locally conformal Kähler metrics and all the structures come from left-invariant locally conformal symplectic structures on the corresponding nilpotent Lie groups. Under certain topological restrictions related with the compactness of the canonical foliation, we prove a structure theorem for locally conformal symplectic manifolds of the first kind. In the non compact case, we show that they are the product of a re…
We study geometry, topology and deformation spaces of noncompact complex hyperbolic manifolds (geometrically finite, with variable negative curvature), whose properties make them surprisingly different from real hyperbolic manifolds with constant negative curvature. This study uses an interaction between Kähler geometry of the complex hyperbolic space and the contact structure at its infinity (the one-point compactification of the Heisenberg group), in particular an established structural theorem for discrete group actions on nilpotent Lie groups.