After a brief review of the theoretical description of nuclei based on nonrelativistic many-body theory and realistic hamiltonians, these lectures focus on its application to the analysis of the electroweak response. Special emphasis is given to electron-nucleus scattering, whose experimental study has provided a wealth of information on nuclear structure and dynamics, exposing the limitations of the shell model. The extension of the formalism to the case of neutrino-nucleus interactions, whose quantitative understanding is required to reduce the systematic uncertainty of neutrino oscillation experiments, is also discussed.
Since the pioneering work of Weinberg, Chiral Effective Field Theory ($χ$EFT) has been widely and successfully utilized in nuclear physics to study many-nucleon interactions and associated electroweak currents. Nuclear $χ$EFT has now developed into an intense field of research and is applied to study light to medium mass nuclei. In this contribution, we focus on the development of electroweak currents from $χ$EFT and present applications to selected nuclear electroweak observables.
We briefly review the growing efforts to set up a unified framework for the description of neutrino interactions with atomic nuclei and nuclear matter, applicable in the broad kinematical region corresponding to neutrino energies ranging between few MeV and few GeV. The emerging picture suggests that the formalism of nuclear many-body theory can be exploited to obtain the neutrino-nucleus cross sections needed for both the interpretation of oscillation signals and simulation of neutrino transport in compact stars.
The development of the chiral dynamics based description of nuclear electroweak currents is reviewed. Gerald E. (Gerry) Brown's role in basing theoretical nuclear physics on chiral Lagrangians is emphasized. Illustrative examples of the successful description of electroweak observables of light nuclei obtained from chiral effective field theory are presented.
We present the results of a recent study of meson-exchange two-body currents in lepton-nucleus inclusive scattering at various kinematics and for different nuclei within the Relativistic Fermi Gas model. We show that the associated nuclear response functions at their peaks scale as $A k_F^2$, for Fermi momentum $k_F$ going from 200 to 300 MeV/c and momentum transfer $q$ from $2k_F$ to 2 GeV/c. This behavior is different from what is found for the quasielastic response, which scales as $A/k_F$. This result can be valuable in the analyses of long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiments, which …
Nuclear Many-Body Theory of Electroweak Interactions with Nuclei at Intermediate Energies
将文献\cite{GNO97}中的核包容电子模型的准弹性（QE）贡献推广到研究电弱荷电电流（CC）引起的中能核反应，为将来的中微子振荡实验提供理论依据.长程核关联（RPA），最终状态相互作用（FSI）和库仑修正包括在模型中。RPA的相关性在整个中微子能量范围内发挥着至关重要的作用，高达500兆电子伏，在这项工作中研究。通过元素周期表和反应$^{12}$ C $(ν_μ,μ^-)X$和$^{12}$ C $(ν_e,e^-)X$阈值附近的包容μ子捕获的预测也给出了。
Kaon electroweak properties in symmetric nuclear matter are studied in the Nambu--Jona-Lasinio model using the proper-time regularization. The valence quark properties in symmetric nuclear matter are calculated in the quark-meson coupling model, and they are used as inputs for studying the in-medium kaon properties in the NJL model. We evaluate the kaon decay constant, kaon-quark coupling constant, and $K^+$ electromagnetic form factor by two different approaches. Namely, by two different ways of calculating the in-medium constituent quark masses of the light quarks. We predict that, in both a…
The past decade has witnessed tremendous progress in the theoretical and computational tools that produce our understanding of nuclei. A number of microscopic calculations of nuclear electroweak structure and reactions have successfully explained the available experimental data, yielding a complex picture of the way nuclei interact with electroweak probes. This achievement is of great interest from the pure nuclear-physics point of view. But it is of much broader interest too, because the level of accuracy and confidence reached by these calculations opens up the concrete possibility of using …
Over the last decade, numerical solutions of Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) using the technique of lattice QCD have developed to a point where they are beginning to connect fundamental aspects of nuclear physics to the underlying degrees of freedom of the Standard Model. In this review, the progress of lattice QCD studies of nuclear matrix elements of electroweak currents and beyond-Standard-Model operators is summarized, and connections with effective field theories and nuclear models are outlined. Lattice QCD calculations of nuclear matrix elements can provide guidance for low-energy nuclear r…
We lay out a novel formalism to connect the isospin-symmetry breaking correction to the rates of superallowed nuclear beta decays, $δ_\text{C}$, to the isospin-breaking sensitive combinations of electroweak nuclear radii that can be accessed experimentally. We individuate transitions in the superallowed decay chart where a measurement of the neutron skin of a stable daughter even at a moderate precision could already help discriminating between models used to compute $δ_\text{C}$. We review the existing experimental situation and make connection to the existing and future experimental programs…
A microscopic description of the interaction of atomic nuclei with external electroweak probes is required for elucidating aspects of short-range nuclear dynamics and for the correct interpretation of neutrino oscillation experiments. Nuclear quantum Monte Carlo methods infer the nuclear electroweak response functions from their Laplace transforms. Inverting the Laplace transform is a notoriously ill-posed problem; and Bayesian techniques, such as maximum entropy, are typically used to reconstruct the original response functions in the quasielastic region. In this work, we present a physics-in…
In recent years, the combination of precise quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) methods with realistic nuclear interactions and consistent electroweak currents, in particular those constructed within effective field theories (EFTs), has lead to new insights in light and medium-mass nuclei, neutron matter, and electroweak reactions. This compelling new body of work has been made possible both by advances in QMC methods for nuclear physics, which push the bounds of applicability to heavier nuclei and to asymmetric nuclear matter and by the development of local chiral EFT interactions up to next-to-next-to…
Three body effects are studied for both asymmetric nuclear matter and pure neutron matter to calculate the nuclear Equation of State . The Brueckner Hartree Fock approximation is used using CD Bonn B and Argonne V18 potentials. A two body density dependent Skyrme potential is added to reproduce the empirical saturation point. Good agreement is obtained in comparison with exact calculation including three body forces.
Cross sections for the concurrent production of pairs of quarkonia (J/psi, Upsilon) and/or gauge bosons (W, Z) from double-parton scatterings (DPS) in high-energy proton-nucleus and nucleus-nucleus collisions at the LHC are calculated. The estimates are based on next-to-leading-order perturbative QCD predictions, including nuclear modifications of the parton densities, for the corresponding single-scattering cross sections. Expected event rates for J/psi+J/psi, J/psi+Upsilon, J/psi+W, J/psi+Z, Upsilon+Upsilon, Upsilon+W, Upsilon+Z, and same-sign W+W production in their (di)leptonic decay modes…
In the present work we are going to add a correction to the BHF potential calculation by introducing a two- body density dependent potential that acts as a three body interaction. Adding the result of this potential to the BHF potential would give us new saturation curves which coincide with the results obtained from the experiment. We compute the energy per particle versus density curves for symmetric nuclear matter, pure neutron matter and the symmetry energy using modern nucleon nucleon potentials like CD Bonn.
Bayesian approach for many-body uncertainties in nuclear structure: Many-body perturbation theory for finite nuclei
Technische Universität Darmstadt（达姆施塔特工业大学）；ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH（极端物质研究所 (EMMI)，GSI 重离子研究中心有限公司）；Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik（马克斯·普朗克核物理研究所）
A method to visualize many-body correlations using the information of the full wave function is presented. The set of nucleon coordinates which maximizes the square of the wave function, that is, the most probable spatial configuration of nucleons, is visualized. The method is applied to Hartree-Fock (HF) and HF+BCS wave functions of $p$- and $sd$-shell $N=Z$ even-even nuclei to analyze the many-body correlations in those systems. It is found that there are $α$-cluster-like four-body correlations already at the HF level in some of the nuclei. The effects of pairing on the most probable configu…
