空间或时间相关电场中电子-正电子对的产生
Electron-Positron Pair Production in Space- or Time-Dependent Electric Fields
摘要：
将真空中强电场产生电子和正电子对作为量子隧穿过程处理，在半经典近似下，导出了指向$z$方向的依赖于$z$的电场$E(z)$中电子和正电子对产生率的一般表达式.我们还考虑到平行于$E(z)$的平滑变化的磁场。将结果应用于$|z|\lesssim \ell $的受限场$E(z)\not=0$、$ z\gtrsim 0 $的半受限场$E(z)\not=0$和线性增加的场$E(z)\sim z$。有限场对产生率的边界效应。所有公式中的一个简单的变量变化导致电场的结果取决于时间而不是空间。此外，我们还讨论了正电子发射下真空中的负能电子自发填充空原子束缚态的隧穿过程。特别是，我们计算的速率，在其中的原子水平的裸核的有限大小$r_{\rm n}$和大$Z\gg 1$填充自发对创建。
英文摘要：
Treating the production of electron and positron pairs by a strong electric field from the vacuum as a quantum tunneling process we derive, in semiclassical approximation, a general expression for the pair production rate in a $z$-dependent electric field $E(z)$ pointing in the $z$-direction. We also allow for a smoothly varying magnetic field parallel to $E(z)$. The result is applied to a confined field $E(z)\not=0$ for $|z|\lesssim \ell $, a semi-confined field $E(z)\not=0$ for $ z\gtrsim 0 $, and a linearly increasing field $E(z)\sim z$. The boundary effects of the confined fields on pair-production rates are exhibited. A simple variable change in all formulas leads to results for electric fields depending on time rather than space. In addition, we discuss tunneling processes in which empty atomic bound states are spontaneously filled by negative-energy electrons from the vacuum under positron emission. In particular, we calculate the rate at which the atomic levels of a bare nucleus of finite size $r_{\rm n}$ and large $Z\gg 1$ are filled by spontaneous pair creation.
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