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星系核中的耗散和额外光:III。“核心”椭圆和“缺失”光

Dissipation and Extra Light in Galactic Nuclei: III. 'Core' Ellipticals and 'Missing' Light

Philip F. Hopkins, Tod R. Lauer, Thomas J. Cox, Lars Hernquist, John Kormendy

摘要:

我们调查如何“额外的”中心光的表面亮度轮廓的尖椭圆与核心的椭圆的轮廓。尖点椭圆包层是由作用于祖先盘中恒星的合并中的剧烈弛豫形成的,而它们的中心是由耗散的星暴构成的。核心椭圆星系是由后来的尖点椭圆星系合并而成的(现在是贫气的),化石的星爆成分结合在一起,在残留物中保留了一个紧凑的成分(尽管“过渡”是平滑的)。比较流体动力学模拟和观测的配置文件,我们展示了如何观测隔离的遗迹星暴组件的核心椭圆。我们证明,这些幸存的再合并和可靠的跟踪在初始的气体丰富的合并(S)的耗散。典型的耗散度是恒星质量的强函数,跟踪观察到的磁盘气体分数。我们发现耗散和有效半径之间的相关性:系统具有更多的耗散更紧凑。这一成分的存在和恒星散射到包层中自然解释了大质量核心椭圆星系的高Sersic指数分布特征。这也是密切相关的运动学和等照度线的形状:只有系统与匹配的星爆组件,从他们的配置文件适合也复制观察到的运动学的boxy/核心椭圆。我们表明,这是至关重要的,采用物理动机的配置文件时,试图量化有多少质量已被'冲刷'或分散的内部区域的二元黑洞。忽略多组分结构的冲刷质量估计值可能存在很大偏差,可能解释了观测到的具有明显与核心冲刷模型冲突的大推断核心质量的系统。

英文摘要:

We investigate how 'extra' central light in the surface brightness profiles of cusp ellipticals relates to the profiles of ellipticals with cores. Cusp elliptical envelopes are formed by violent relaxation in mergers acting on stars in progenitor disks, while their centers are structured by dissipational starbursts. Core ellipticals are formed by subsequent merging of (now gas-poor) cusp ellipticals, with the fossil starburst components combining to preserve a compact component in the remnant (although the 'transition' is smoothed). Comparing hydrodynamical simulations and observed profiles, we show how to observationally isolate the relic starburst components in core ellipticals. We demonstrate that these survive re-mergers and reliably trace the dissipation in the initial gas-rich merger(s). The typical degree of dissipation is a strong function of stellar mass, tracing observed disk gas fractions. We find a correlation between dissipation and effective radius: systems with more dissipation are more compact. The survival of this component and scattering of stars into the envelope naturally explain high-Sersic index profiles characteristic of massive core ellipticals. This is also closely related to the kinematics and isophotal shapes: only systems with matched starburst components from their profile fits also reproduce the observed kinematics of boxy/core ellipticals. We show that it is critical to adopt physically motivated profiles when attempting to quantify how much mass has been 'scoured' or scattered out of the inner regions by binary black holes. Estimates of scoured mass ignoring multi-component structure can be strongly biased, potentially explaining observed systems with large inferred core masses in apparent conflict with core-scouring models.

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