耗散和基本面：观测检验
Dissipation and the Fundamental Plane: Observational Tests
摘要：
我们开发的想法，在丰富的气体合并耗散产生的基本面（FP）和相关的椭圆遵守相关的观测测试。FP '倾斜'意味着低质量椭圆星系在其恒星有效半径内具有更高的恒星与暗物质的比率。模型认为，更多的气体丰富（通常质量较低）的磁盘之间的合并产生更大的质量分数形成在紧凑的恒星爆发，使一个较小的恒星R_e和更高的M_stellar/M_tot内的R_e。这样的恒星爆发在表面亮度轮廓中留下了一个特征性的印记：在由盘星无耗散的剧烈弛豫所建立的外部轮廓之上，有一个中心过剩。在以前的工作中，我们开发了经验方法来分解椭圆星系的观测剖面，并稳健地估计原始球状体形成合并中的耗散量。将此应用到一个大样本的观察到的椭圆，我们测试是否他们的位置上的FP和它的倾斜是由耗散驱动。在固定质量下，耗散事件越多，形成的椭圆越小，M_stellar/M_tot越高。在固定的耗散度下，FP中没有倾斜。我们证明了动力学质量估计量R_e* σ ^2/G是真实质量的一个很好的估计量：观测到的FP倾斜不能主要归因于其他形式的非同调。除去耗散的影响，观察到的椭圆星系服从与圆盘相同的FP相关性：不寻常的祖先不需要制造典型的椭圆星系。耗散似乎是既必要又充分的解释FP倾斜。
英文摘要：
We develop observational tests of the idea that dissipation in gas-rich mergers produces the fundamental plane (FP) and related correlations obeyed by ellipticals. The FP 'tilt' implies lower-mass ellipticals have a higher ratio of stellar to dark matter within their stellar effective radii. Models argue that mergers between more gas-rich (typically lower-mass) disks yield larger mass fractions formed in compact starbursts, giving a smaller stellar R_e and higher M_stellar/M_tot within that R_e. Such starbursts leave a characteristic imprint in the surface brightness profile: a central excess above an outer profile established by the dissipationless violent relaxation of disk stars. In previous work, we developed empirical methods to decompose the observed profiles of ellipticals and robustly estimate the amount of dissipation in the original spheroid-forming merger(s). Applying this to a large sample of observed ellipticals, we test whether or not their location on the FP and its tilt are driven by dissipation. At fixed mass, ellipticals formed in more dissipational events are smaller and have higher M_stellar/M_tot. At fixed degree of dissipation, there is no tilt in the FP. We show that the dynamical mass estimator R_e*sigma^2/G is a good estimator of the true mass: the observed FP tilt cannot primarily owe to other forms of non-homology. Removing the effects of dissipation, observed ellipticals obey the same FP correlations as disks: unusual progenitors are not required to make typical ellipticals. Dissipation appears to be both necessary and sufficient to explain the FP tilt.
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