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arXiv 0806.0323astro-ph
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作为超临界过程的相对论喷流的Gamma-ray发射

Gamma-ray emission of relativistic jets as a supercritical process

Boris E. Stern, Juri Poutanen

摘要:

与核反应堆中的超临界状态相同的超临界状态可以发生在高能天体中,产生一些令人印象深刻的影响。例如,它可能导致极端相对论质子云的能量爆炸性释放为辐射。更确切地说,超临界状态应该是高能相对论性流体的能量耗散的原因,例如伽马射线暴中的超相对论性激波和活动星系核(AGN)中的喷流。在这种情况下,光子繁殖过程起作用。这是一种高能光子与e^+ e^-对通过对产生和逆康普顿散射相互转换的转换机制。在某些条件下,这应该是满足强大的活动星系核,光子繁殖机制成为超临界:高能量的光子繁殖指数,直到他们的反馈流体改变其速度模式。然后系统进入一个自调节的近临界稳态。蒙特卡罗模拟对粒子的传播和相互作用进行了详细的处理,结果表明,洛伦兹因子γ ~ 20的喷流可以辐射掉其总能量的一半,γ =40时,辐射效率可以达到80%。喷流的外层减速到中等的洛伦兹因子2-4,而射流的脊具有在10-20范围内的最终洛伦兹因子,与初始γ无关。在辐射影响下的这种急剧减速必然会引起一些有趣的现象,如内部激波的形成和湍流的早期产生。

英文摘要:

Supercriticality of the same kind as that in a nuclear pile can take place in high-energy astrophysical objects producing a number of impressive effects. For example, it could cause an explosive release of the energy of a cloud of ultrarelativistic protons into radiation. More certainly, supercriticality should be responsible for energy dissipation of very energetic relativistic fluids such as ultrarelativistic shocks in gamma-ray bursts and jets in active galactic nuclei (AGNs). In this case, the photon breeding process operates. It is a kind of the converter mechanism with the high-energy photons and e^+ e^- pairs converting into each other via pair production and inverse Compton scattering. Under certain conditions, which should be satisfied in powerful AGNs, the photon breeding mechanism becomes supercritical: the high-energy photons breed exponentially until their feedback on the fluid changes its velocity pattern. Then the system comes to a self-adjusting near-critical steady state. Monte-Carlo simulations with the detailed treatment of particle propagation and interactions demonstrate that a jet with the Lorentz factor Gamma ~ 20 can radiate away up to a half of its total energy and for Gamma=40 the radiation efficiency can be up to 80 per cent. Outer layers of the jet decelerate down to a moderate Lorentz factor 2-4, while the spine of the jet has the final Lorentz factor in the range 10-20 independently on the initial Gamma. Such sharp deceleration under the impact of radiation must cause a number of interesting phenomena such as formation of internal shocks and an early generation of turbulence.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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