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arXiv 0811.1467astro-ph
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伽马射线暴源中超相对论喷流的磁加速

Magnetic acceleration of ultra-relativistic jets in gamma-ray burst sources

Serguei Komissarov, Nektarios Vlahakis, Arieh Konigl, Maxim Barkov

摘要:

我们提出了一个相对论MHD数值研究的轴对称,磁驱动射流的参数适用于伽马射线暴(GRB)流。我们还提出了解析表达式的渐近射流形状和其他流动参数,同意非常好的数值结果。所有携带电流的流出表现出自准直和随之而来的加速旋转轴附近,但无约束的流出失去因果连接整个射流,因此不准直或加速有效地在其外部区域。磁加速射流受外部压力的限制,该压力随距离变化,幂律指数为< 2 assume a paraboloidal shape and have an acceleration efficiency >50%。它们在10^9-3x10^10 cm尺度上的洛伦兹因子&gt; 30,这与短/硬的伽玛暴喷流在可以被来自吸积盘的适度相对论性风限制的尺度上加速的可能性一致;在10^10-10^12 cm尺度上的洛伦兹因子&gt; 100,这与长/软的伽玛暴喷流在坍缩的大质量恒星的包层内加速的可能性一致。我们还发现,磁加速射流的洛伦兹因子近似与极向流线的开口半角成反比。这意味着伽玛射线暴外流的伽玛射线发射分量非常窄,在洛伦兹因子超过100的区域中,半角&lt; 1度,并且这些分量的余辉光变曲线要么显示出非常早的喷流中断,要么根本没有喷流中断。

英文摘要:

We present a relativistic-MHD numerical study of axisymmetric, magnetically driven jets with parameters applicable to gamma-ray burst (GRB) flows. We also present analytic expressions for the asymptotic jet shape and other flow parameters that agree very well with the numerical results. All current-carrying outflows exhibit self-collimation and consequent acceleration near the rotation axis, but unconfined outflows lose causal connectivity across the jet and therefore do not collimate or accelerate efficiently in their outer regions. Magnetically accelerated jets confined by an external pressure that varies with distance with a power-law index < 2 assume a paraboloidal shape and have an acceleration efficiency > 50%. They attain Lorentz factors > 30 on scales 10^9-3x10^10 cm, consistent with the possibility that short/hard GRB jets are accelerated on scales where they can be confined by moderately relativistic winds from accretion discs, and > 100 on scales 10^10-10^12 cm, consistent with the possibility that long/soft GRB jets are accelerated within the envelopes of collapsing massive stars. We also find that the Lorentz factor of a magnetically accelerated jet is approximately inversely proportional to the opening half-angle of the poloidal streamlines. This implies that the gamma-ray emitting components of GRB outflows are very narrow, with a half-angle < 1 degree in regions where the Lorentz factor exceeds 100, and that the afterglow light curves of these components would either exhibit a very early jet break or show no jet break at all.

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