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arXiv 0805.2685astro-ph
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日冕的耀斑和静止成分

The flaring and quiescent components of the solar corona

C. Argiroffi, G. Peres, S. Orlando, F. Reale

摘要:

日冕是了解恒星活动的模板。太阳是一颗中等活动的恒星,它的日冕与活动恒星不同:活动恒星日冕有一个双峰EM(T),热峰在8-20 MK,而非耀斑日冕只有一个峰在1-2 MK。通过研究耀斑对太阳EM(T)的平均贡献,间接地验证了活动恒星日冕EM(T)的热峰是由大量未分辨的类太阳耀斑引起的假说,并推断了从纳米耀斑到宏观耀斑的耀斑分布特性。我们测量了一个无偏的太阳耀斑样本的盘积分时间平均发射测量EM_F(T),分析了一个月时间间隔内不间断的GOES/XRS光变曲线。我们从Yohkoh/SXT数据中得到了相同时间间隔的静止日冕的EM_Q(T)。为了研究EM_F(T)和EM_Q(T)随太阳活动周的变化,我们在太阳活动周的不同阶段(1991年12月至1998年4月)对它们进行了计算。在T~5-10 MK范围内,EM_F(T)与EM_Q(T)相比,在T~5-10 MK范围内,EM_F(T)呈明显的峰值分布。结果表明,整个日冕的时均EM(T)是双峰型的,热峰是由时均耀斑引起的,其温度与活动恒星的温度相似,但增强程度较低。EM_F(T)形状支持活动日冕的热EM(T)峰是由于未分辨的类太阳耀斑的假设。如果是这样的话,静止和耀斑分量应该遵循不同的比例法则来增加恒星活动。假设日冕的加热完全是由于耀斑,从纳米到宏观耀斑,然后要么耀斑分布或约束等离子体响应耀斑,或两者兼而有之,是双峰。

英文摘要:

The solar corona is a template to understand stellar activity. The Sun is a moderately active star, and its corona differs from active stars: active stellar coronae have a double-peaked EM(T) with the hot peak at 8-20 MK, while the non flaring solar corona has one peak at 1-2 MK. We study the average contribution of flares to the solar EM(T) to investigate indirectly the hypothesis that the hot peak of the EM(T) of active stellar coronae is due to a large number of unresolved solar-like flares, and to infer properties on the flare distribution from nano- to macro-flares. We measure the disk-integrated time-averaged emission measure, EM_F(T), of an unbiased sample of solar flares analyzing uninterrupted GOES/XRS light curves over time intervals of one month. We obtain the EM_Q(T) of quiescent corona for the same time intervals from the Yohkoh/SXT data. To investigate how EM_F(T) and EM_Q(T) vary with the solar cycle, we evaluate them at different phases of the cycle (from Dec. 1991 to Apr. 1998). Irrespective of the solar cycle phase, EM_F(T) appears like a peak of the distribution significantly larger than the values of EM_Q(T) for T~5-10 MK. As a result the time-averaged EM(T) of the whole solar corona is double-peaked, with the hot peak, due to time-averaged flares, located at temperature similar of that of active stars, but less enhanced. The EM_F(T) shape supports the hypothesis that the hot EM(T) peak of active coronae is due to unresolved solar-like flares. If this is the case, quiescent and flare components should follow different scaling laws for increasing stellar activity. In the assumption that the heating of the corona is entirely due to flares, from nano- to macro-flares, then either the flare distribution or the confined plasma response to flares, or both, are bimodal.

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