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arXiv 0712.2791astro-ph
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dMe星罗斯154上的X射线耀斑

X-Ray Flaring on the dMe Star, Ross 154

B. J. Wargelin, V. L. Kashyap, J. J. Drake, D. García-Alvarez, P. W. Ratzlaff

摘要:

我们目前的结果,从两个钱德拉成像观测罗斯154,附近的耀斑M矮星。在61千秒的ACIS-S曝光期间,发生了一次非常大的耀斑(相当于太阳X3400事件,L_X = 1.8 × 10^30尔格/秒),其中计数率增加了100倍以上。耀斑的早期阶段显示了Neupert效应的证据,随后进一步上升,然后是两个分量的指数衰减。在后来的48-ks HRC-I观测结束时也观察到了一个大耀斑。对两次观测的非燃烧阶段的排放进行了分析,以寻找低水平燃烧的证据。从这些时间的研究,我们发现,微耀斑可能占大部分的“静态”发射,而且,与太阳和其他少数恒星已被研究,耀斑强度的分布似乎不遵循幂律与一个单一的指数。对ACIS光谱的分析表明,与通常采用的太阳丰度比相比,静态Ne/O丰度比提高了约2.5倍,并且在耀斑期间的Ne/O比和总体日冕金属丰度似乎相对于静态丰度有所提高。基于光谱拟合得到的温度和发射测量值,我们估计了耀斑体积中的长度尺度和等离子体密度,并跟踪了耀斑在颜色强度空间中的演化。最后,我们寻找恒星周围的星风电荷交换X射线晕,但没有成功;由于质量损失率和晕表面亮度之间的关系,甚至不能确定恒星质量损失率的上限。

英文摘要:

We present results from two Chandra imaging observations of Ross 154, a nearby flaring M dwarf star. During a 61-ks ACIS-S exposure, a very large flare occurred (the equivalent of a solar X3400 event, with L_X = 1.8x10^30 ergs/s) in which the count rate increased by a factor of over 100. The early phase of the flare shows evidence for the Neupert effect, followed by a further rise and then a two-component exponential decay. A large flare was also observed at the end of a later 48-ks HRC-I observation. Emission from the non-flaring phases of both observations was analyzed for evidence of low level flaring. From these temporal studies we find that microflaring probably accounts for most of the `quiescent' emission, and that, unlike for the Sun and the handful of other stars that have been studied, the distribution of flare intensities does not appear to follow a power-law with a single index. Analysis of the ACIS spectra, which was complicated by exclusion of the heavily piled-up source core, suggests that the quiescent Ne/O abundance ratio is enhanced by a factor of ~2.5 compared to the commonly adopted solar abundance ratio, and that the Ne/O ratio and overall coronal metallicity during the flare appear to be enhanced relative to quiescent abundances. Based on the temperatures and emission measures derived from the spectral fits, we estimate the length scales and plasma densities in the flaring volume and also track the evolution of the flare in color-intensity space. Lastly, we searched for a stellar-wind charge-exchange X-ray halo around the star but without success; because of the relationship between mass-loss rate and the halo surface brightness, not even an upper limit on the stellar mass-loss rate can be determined.

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