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arXiv 0804.4156astro-ph
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解析原星系的形成

Resolving the Formation of Protogalaxies

John H. Wise

摘要:

宇宙结构起源于几乎均匀宇宙中的微小密度扰动。第一批恒星被认为是非常巨大和明亮的,为宇宙提供了第一批电离辐射和重元素,并在大爆炸后1亿年形成。来自原始恒星辐射的影响是深远的,并影响到随后的恒星和星系形成。在这篇论文中,我们提出了第一个星系形成的自适应网格细化计算的结果。我们逐步引入重要的物理过程,如分子氢冷却和恒星反馈,只考虑原子氢和氦冷却的基础模型。在这些基本模型中,我们发现质量约为10^8太阳质量的暗物质晕中的气体在全球盘中发生多重碎裂之前中心坍缩。然后,我们调查的重要性,在早期结构形成中的存在下,一个软的紫外辐射背景下的分子氢冷却。我们发现,即使在最极端的负辐射反馈假设下,分子氢在远低于10,000 K维里温度的晕中的恒星形成中也起着重要的作用。我们还介绍了早期矮星系形成的第一辐射流体动力学计算结果。我们开发了一种新的技术,自适应射线跟踪,准确地传输辐射从原始恒星。我们发现原始恒星反馈改变了早期星系形成的景观,它的角动量增加,重子分数减少。我们还描述了星系际中、早期矮星系的金属富集。最后,我们探讨了这些大质量的,无金属的恒星的宇宙学再电离及其对早期星系中恒星形成的影响。

英文摘要:

Cosmic structure originated from minute density perturbations in an almost homogeneous universe. The first stars are believed to be very massive and luminous, providing the first ionizing radiation and heavy elements to the universe and forming 100 million years after the Big Bang. The impact from primordial stellar radiation is far reaching and affects subsequent star and galaxy formation. In this thesis, we present results from adaptive mesh refinement calculations of the formation of the first galaxies. We gradually introduce important physical processes, such as molecular hydrogen cooling and stellar feedback, to base models that only consider atomic hydrogen and helium cooling. In these base models, we find that gas in dark matter halos with masses ~10^8 solar masses centrally collapse before multiple fragmentation occurs in a global disc. We then investigate the importance of molecular hydrogen cooling in early structure formation in the presence of a soft ultraviolet radiation background. We find that molecular hydrogen plays an important role in star formation in halos well below a virial temperature of 10,000 K even in the most extreme assumptions of negative radiative feedback. We also present results from the first radiation hydrodynamics calculations of early dwarf galaxy formation. We develop a novel technique, adaptive ray tracing, to accurately transport radiation from primordial stars. We find primordial stellar feedback alters the landscape of early galaxy formation in that its angular momentum is increased and baryon fractions are decreased. We also describe the metal enrichment of the intergalactic medium and early dwarf galaxies. Finally we explore cosmological reionization by these massive, metal-free stars and its effects on star formation in early galaxies.

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