We show a text-book potential for single-field inflation, namely, the Coleman-Weinberg model can induce double inflation and formation of primordial black holes (PBHs), because fluctuations that leave the horizon near the end of first inflation are anomalously enhanced at the onset of second inflation when the time-dependent mode turns to a growing mode rather than a decaying mode. The mass of PBHs produced in this mechanism lies in several discrete ranges depending on the model parameters. We also calculate the effects of non-Gaussian statistics due to higher-order interactions on the abundance of PBHs, which turns out to be small.
We discuss how primordial (e.g. inflationary) non-Gaussianity in the cosmological perturbations is left imprinted in the Large-Scale Structure of the universe. Our findings show that the information on the primordial non-Gaussianity set on super-Hubble scales flows into Post-Newtonian terms, leaving an observable imprint in the Large-Scale Structure. Future high-precision measurements of the statistics of the dark matter density and peculiar velocity fields will allow to pin down the primordial non-Gaussianity, thus representing a tool complementary to studies of the Cosmic Microwave Backgroun…
The next generation of CMB experiments should get a better handle on cosmological parameters by mapping the weak lensing deflection field, which is separable from primary anisotropies thanks to the non-Gaussianity induced by lensing. However, the generation of perturbations in the Early Universe also produces a level of non-Gaussianity which is known to be small, but can contribute to the anisotropy trispectrum at the same level as lensing. In this work, we study whether the primordial non-Gaussianity can mask the lensing statistics. We concentrate only on the ``temperature quadratic estimator…
Preheating can convert superhorizon fluctuations of light scalar fields present at the end of inflation into observable density perturbations. We show in detail how lattice field theory simulations and the separate universes approximation can be used to calculate these perturbations and make predictions for the nonlinearity parameter fNL . We also present a simple approximation scheme that can reproduce these results analytically. Applying these methods to the massless preheating model, we determine the parameter values that are ruled out by too high levels of non-Gaussianity.
We present a new formalism, together with efficient numerical methods, to directly calculate the CMB bispectrum today from a given primordial bispectrum using the full linear radiation transfer functions. Unlike previous analyses which have assumed simple separable ansatze for the bispectrum, this work applies to a primordial bispectrum of almost arbitrary functional form, for which there may have been both horizon-crossing and superhorizon contributions. We employ adaptive methods on a hierarchical triangular grid and we establish their accuracy by direct comparison with an exact analytic sol…
We use the delta N -formalism to investigate the non-Gaussianity of the primordial curvature perturbation in the curvaton scenario for the origin of structure. We numerically calculate the full probability distribution function allowing for the non-instantaneous decay of the curvaton and compare this with analytic results derived in the sudden-decay approximation. We also present results for the leading-order contribution to the primordial bispectrum and trispectrum. In the sudden-decay approximation we derive a fully non-linear expression relating the primordial perturbation to the initial cu…
We extend the δN formalism so that it gives all of the stochastic properties of the primordial curvature perturbation ζif the initial field perturbations are gaussian. The calculation requires only the knowledge of some family of unperturbed universes. A formula is given for the normalisation \fnl of the bispectrum of ζ, which is the main signal of non-gaussianity. Examples of the use of the formula are given, and its relation to cosmological perturbation theory is explained.
We provide the gauge-invariant expression for large-scale cosmic microwave background temperature fluctuations at second-order in perturbation theory. It enables to unambiguously define the nonlinearity parameter f_NL which is used by experimental collaborations to pin down the level of Non-Gaussianity in the temperature fluctuations. Furthermore, it contains a primordial term encoding all the information about the Non-Gaussianity generated at primordial epochs and about the mechanism which gave rise to cosmological perturbations, thus neatly disentangling the primordial contribution to Non-Ga…
When constraining the primordial non-Gaussianity parameter f_NL with cosmic microwave background anisotropy maps, the bias resulting from the covariance between primordial non-Gaussianity and secondary non-Gaussianities to the estimator of f_NL is generally assumed to be negligible. We show that this assumption may not hold when attempting to measure the primordial non-Gaussianity out to angular scales below a few tens arcminutes with an experiment like Planck, especially if the primordial non-Gaussianity parameter is around the minimum detectability level with f_NL between 5 and 10. In future…
The primordial non-Gaussianity signal, if measured accurately, will allow us to distinguish between different candidate models for the cosmic inflation. Since the galaxy groups located in void regions are rare events, their abundance may be a sensitive probe of the primordial non-Gaussianity. We construct an analytic model for the mass function of void groups in the framework of the extended Press-Schechter theory with non-Gaussian initial conditions and investigate how it depends on the primordial non-Gaussianity parameter. A feasibility study is conducted by fitting the analytic mass functio…
We present an estimate for the non-linear parameter τ_NL, which measures the non-gaussianity imprinted in the trispectrum of the comoving curvature perturbation, ζ. Our estimate is valid throughout the inflationary era, until the slow-roll approximation breaks down, and takes into account the evolution of perturbations on superhorizon scales. We find that the non-gaussianity is always small if the field values at the end of inflation are negligible when compared to their values at horizon crossing. Under the same assumption, we show that in Nflation-type scenarios, where the potential is a sum…
Any hint of non-gaussianity in the cosmological initial conditions will provide us with a unique window into the physics of early universe. We show that the impact of a small local primordial non-gaussianity (generated on super-horizon scales) on the statistics of collapsed objects (such as galaxies or clusters) can be approximated by using slightly modified, but gaussian, initial conditions, which we describe through simple analytic expressions. Given that numerical simulations with gaussian initial conditions are relatively well-studied, this equivalence provides us with a simple tool to pre…
We investigate the relative sensitivities of several tests for deviations from Gaussianity in the primordial distribution of density perturbations. We consider models for non-Gaussianity that mimic that which comes from inflation as well as that which comes from topological defects. The tests we consider involve the cosmic microwave background (CMB), large-scale structure (LSS), high-redshift galaxies, and the abundances and properties of clusters. We find that the CMB is superior at finding non-Gaussianity in the primordial gravitational potential (as inflation would produce), while observati…
In this paper we calculate additional contributions to that part of the non-Gaussianity of the curvature perturbation, which come from the three-point correlator of the field perturbations. We estimate this contribution in the following models for its origin: single-component inflation, multi-component chaotic inflation, a two-component "hybrid" inflationary model, and the curvaton scenario. In all of these models, the additional contributions to the primordial non-gaussianity considered here, are too small to be ever detected.
The non-Gaussianity of initial perturbations provides information on the mechanism that generated primordial density fluctuations. The expected non-Gaussianity for slow-roll inflationary models is well below the ultimate detection level with cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropies or large-large structure at low redshifts. We find that 21-cm background anisotropies of the low-frequency radio sky due to inhomogeneous neutral Hydrogen distribution at redshifts between 30 and 100 captures information on primordial non-Gaussianity better than any other cosmological probe. An all-sky 21-cm e…
We give a concise formula for the non-Gaussianity of the primordial curvature perturbation generated on super-horizon scales in multi-scalar inflation model without assuming slow-roll conditions. This is an extension of our previous work. Using this formula, we study the generation of non-Gaussianity for the double inflation models in which the slow-roll conditions are temporarily violated after horizon exit, and we show that the non-linear parameter $f_{NL}$ for such models is suppressed by the slow-roll parameters evaluated at the time of horizon exit.
We study Newtonian cosmological perturbation theory from a field theoretical point of view. We derive a path integral representation for the cosmological evolution of stochastic fluctuations. Our main result is the closed form of the generating functional valid for any initial statistics. Moreover, we extend the renormalization group method proposed by Mataresse and Pietroni to the case of primordial non-Gaussian density and velocity fluctuations. As an application, we calculate the nonlinear propagator and examine how the non-Gaussianity affects the memory of cosmic fields to their initial co…
Employing the perturbative treatment of gravitational clustering, we discuss possible effects of primordial non-Gaussianity on the matter power spectrum. As gravitational clustering develops, the coupling between different Fourier modes of density perturbations becomes important and the primordial non-Gaussianity which intrinsically possesses a non-trivial mode-correlation can affect the late-time evolution of the power spectrum. We quantitatively estimate the non-Gaussian effect on power spectrum from the perturbation theory. The potential impact on the cosmological parameter estimation using…
We investigate the non-Gaussianity of primordial curvature perturbation in the modulated reheating scenario where the primordial perturbation is generated due to the spacial fluctuation of the inflaton decay rate to radiation. We use the $δN$ formalism to evaluate the trispectrum of curvature perturbation as well as its bispectrum. We give expressions for three non-linear parameters $f_{NL}, τ_{NL}$ and $g_{NL}$ in the modulated reheating scenario. If the intrinsic non-Gaussianity of scalar field fluctuations and third derivative of the decay rate with respect to scalar fields are negligibly s…
We study a model where two scalar fields, that are subdominant during inflation, decay into radiation some time after inflation has ended but before primordial nucleosynthesis. Perturbations of these two curvaton fields can be responsible for the primordial curvature perturbation. We write down the full non-linear equations that relate the primordial perturbation to the curvaton perturbations on large scales, calculate the power spectrum of the primordial perturbation, and finally go to second order to find the non-linearity parameter, fNL. We find large positive values of fNL if the energy de…
Seery and Lidsey have calculated the three-point correlator of the light scalar fields, a few Hubble times after horizon exit during inflation. Lyth and Rodriguez have calculated the contribution of this correlator to the three-point correlator of the primordial curvature perturbation. We calculate an upper bound on that contribution, showing that it is too small ever to be observable.
We analyze the non-Gaussianity for primordial curvature perturbations generated in multi-scalar slow-roll inflation model including the model with non-separable potential by making use of $δN$ formalism. Many authors have investigated the possibility of large non-Gaussianity for the models with separable potential, and they have found that the non-linear parameter, $f_{NL}$, is suppressed by the slow-roll parameters. We show that for the non-separable models $f_{NL}$ is given by the product of a factor which is suppressed by the slow-roll parameters and a possible enhancement factor which is g…
We analyse models of inflation in which isocurvature perturbations present during inflation are converted into the primordial curvature perturbation during instant preheating. This can be due to an asymmetry between the fields present either during inflation or during preheating. We consider all the constraints that the model must satisfy in order to be theoretically valid and to satisfy observations. We show that the constraints are very tight in all of the models proposed and special initial conditions are required for the models to work. In the case where the symmetry is strongly broken dur…
Alfven turbulence caused by statistically isotropic and homogeneous primordial magnetic field induces correlations in the cosmic microwave background anisotropies. The correlations are specifically between spherical harmonic modes a_{l-1,m} and a_{l+1,m}. In this paper we approach this issue from phase analysis of the CMB maps derived from the WMAP data sets. Using circular statistics and return phase mapping we examine phase correlation of Δl=2 for the primordial non-Gaussianity caused by the Alfven turbulence at the epoch of recombination. Our analyses show that such specific features from t…
The identification and extraction of non-Gaussian signals is one of the main cosmological challenges facing future experimental measurements of the cosmic microwave background temperature pattern. We present a generalized statistical measure based on a novel technique representation of Fourier phases using the return map. We show that this method is both robust and powerful in comparison, for example, with morphological measures.
Perturbations in a universe with matter and cosmological constant are computed in terms of the primordial scalar perturbation up to second order. The calculation is easy -- a generalization of the spherical dust solution. Our expression might allow accurate measurements of the primordial non-Gaussianity.
The 21-cm anisotropies from the neutral hydrogen distribution prior to the era of reionization is a sensitive probe of primordial non-Gaussianity. Unlike the case with cosmic microwave background, 21-cm anisotropies provide multi-redshift information with frequency selection and is not damped at arcminute angular scales. We discuss the angular trispectrum of the 21-cm background anisotropies and discuss how the trispectrum signal generated by the primordial non-Gaussianity can be measured with the three-to-one correlator and the corresponding angular power spectrum. We also discuss the separat…
We study the effect of primordial non-Gaussianity on the development of large-scale cosmic structure using high-resolution N-body simulations. In particular, we focus on the topological properties of the "cosmic web", quantitatively characterized by the Minkowski Functionals, for models with quadratic non-linearities with different values of the usual non-Gaussianity parameter fNL. In the weakly non-linear regime, we find that analytic formulae derived from perturbation theory agree with the numerical results within a few percent of the amplitude of each MF when |fNL|<1000. In the non-linear r…
After the precise observations of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) anisotropy power spectrum, attention is now being focused on the higher order statistics of the CMB anisotropies. Since linear evolution preserves the statistical properties of the initial conditions, observed non-Gaussianity of the CMB will mirror primordial non-Gaussianity. Single field slow-roll inflation robustly predicts negligible non-Gaussianity so an indication of non-Gaussianity will suggest alternative scenarios need to be considered. In this paper we calculate the information on primordial non-Gaussianity encode…
The greatest challenge in the interpretation of galaxy clustering data from any surveys is galaxy bias. Using a simple Fisher matrix analysis, we show that the bispectrum provides an excellent determination of linear and non-linear bias parameters of intermediate and high-z galaxies, when all measurable triangle configurations down to mildly non-linear scales, where perturbation theory is still valid, are included. The bispectrum is also a powerful probe of primordial non-Gaussianity. The planned galaxy surveys at z>2 should yield constraints on non-Gaussian parameters, f_{NL}^{loc.} and f_{NL…
We derive a fast way for measuring primordial non-Gaussianity in a nearly full-sky map of the cosmic microwave background. We find a cubic combination of sky maps combining bispectrum configurations to capture a quadratic term in primordial fluctuations. Our method takes only N^1.5 operations rather than N^2.5 of the bispectrum analysis (1000 times faster for l=512), retaining the same sensitivity. A key component is a map of underlying primordial fluctuations, which can be more sensitive to the primordial non-Gaussianity than a temperature map. We also derive a fast and accurate statistic for…
Since the inhomogeneous instrument noise can produce extra non-Gaussianity in the CMB anisotropy, its effect should be carefully subtracted in the primordial non-Gaussianity estimation. We calculate the probability distribution function of the CMB anisotropy for local type of non-Gaussianity, from which the optimal estimator in the general case (inhomogeneous noise and cut sky) is obtained. The new estimator obtained here is different from the popular one, since the inhomogeneous noise and cut sky effects are completely accounted. The CMB anisotropy in the new estimator is noise weighted. The …
In our recent paper (Yadav et al. 2007) we described a fast cubic (bispectrum) estimator of the amplitude of primordial non-Gaussianity of local type, f_{NL}, from a combined analysis of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) temperature and E-polarization observations. In this paper we generalize the estimator to deal with a partial sky coverage as well as inhomogeneous noise. Our generalized estimator is still computationally efficient, scaling as O(N^3/2) compared to the O(N^5/2) scaling of the brute force bispectrum calculation for sky maps with N pixels. Upcoming CMB experiments are expect…
Since cosmic-microwave-background (CMB) and large-scale-structure (LSS) data will shortly improve dramatically with the Microwave Anisotropy Probe (MAP) and Planck Surveyor, and the Anglo-Australian 2-Degree Field (2dF) and Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS), respectively, it is timely to ask which of the CMB or LSS will provide a better probe of primordial non-gaussianity. In this paper we consider this question, using the bispectrum as a discriminating statistic. We consider several non-gaussian models and find that in each case the CMB will provide a better probe of primordial non-gaussianity.…
We show how observations of the evolution of the galaxy cluster number abundance can be used to constrain primordial non-Gaussianity in the universe. We carry out a maximum likelihood analysis incorporating a number of current datasets and accounting for a wide range of sources of systematic error. Under the assumption of Gaussianity, the current data prefer a universe with matter density $Ω_m\simeq 0.3$ and are inconsistent with $Ω_m=1$ at the $2σ$ level. If we assume $Ω_m=1$, the predicted degree of cluster evolution is consistent with the data for non-Gaussian models where the primordial fl…
We present a set of formalisms for comparing, evolving and constraining primordial non-Gaussian models through the CMB bispectrum. We describe improved methods for efficient computation of the full CMB bispectrum for any general (non-separable) primordial bispectrum, incorporating a flat sky approximation and a new cubic interpolation. We review all the primordial non-Gaussian models in the present literature and calculate the CMB bispectrum up to l <2000 for each different model. This allows us to determine the observational independence of these models by calculating the cross-correlation of…
We investigate the effects of non-Gaussianity in the primordial density field on the reionization history. We rely on a semi-analytic method to describe the processes acting on the intergalactic medium (IGM), relating the distribution of the ionizing sources to that of dark matter haloes. Extending previous work in the literature, we consider models in which the primordial non-Gaussianity is measured by the dimensionless non-linearity parameter f_NL, using the constraints recently obtained from cosmic microwave background data. We predict the ionized fraction and the optical depth at different…
We present an analysis of the Minkowski Functionals (MFs) describing the WMAP three-year temperature maps to place limits on possible levels of primordial non-Gaussianity. In particular, we apply perturbative formulae for the MFs to give constraints on the usual non-linear coupling constant fNL. The theoretical predictions are found to agree with the MFs of simulated CMB maps including the full effects of radiative transfer. The agreement is also very good even when the simulation maps include various observational artifacts, including the pixel window function, beam smearing, inhomogeneous no…
Galaxy cluster surveys will be a powerful probe of dark energy. At the same time, cluster abundance is sensitive to any non-Gaussianity of the primordial density field. It is therefore possible that non-Gaussian initial conditions might be misinterpreted as a sign of dark energy or at least degrade the expected constraints on dark energy parameters. To address this issue, we perform a likelihood analysis of an ideal cluster survey similar in size and depth to the upcoming South Pole Telescope/Dark Energy Survey (SPT-DES). We analyze a model in which the strength of the non-Gaussianity is param…
We consider primordial non-Gaussianity due to quadratic corrections in the gravitational potential parametrized by a non-linear coupling parameter fnl. We study constraints on fnl from measurements of the galaxy bispectrum in redshift surveys. Using estimates for idealized survey geometries of the 2dF and SDSS surveys and realistic ones from SDSS mock catalogs, we show that it is possible to probe |fnl|~100, after marginalization over bias parameters. We apply our methods to the galaxy bispectrum measured from the PSCz survey, and obtain a 2sigma-constraint |fnl|< 1800. We estimate that an all…
We calculate the cosmic microwave background (CMB) angular trispectrum, spherical harmonic transform of the four-point correlation function, from primordial non-Gaussianity in primordial curvature perturbations characterized by a constant non-linear coupling parameter, $f_{\rm NL}$. We fully take into account the effect of the radiation transfer function, and thus provide the most accurate estimate of the signal-to-noise ratio of the angular trispectrum of CMB temperature anisotropy. We find that the predicted signal-to-noise ratio of the trispectrum summed up to a given $l$ is approximately a…
We derive analytical formulae for the Minkowski Functions of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) and large-scale structure (LSS) from primordial non-Gaussianity. These formulae enable us to estimate a non-linear coupling parameter, f_NL, directly from the CMB and LSS data without relying on numerical simulations of non-Gaussian primordial fluctuations. One can use these formulae to estimate statistical errors on f_NL from Gaussian realizations, which are much faster to generate than non-Gaussian ones, fully taking into account the cosmic/sampling variance, beam smearing, survey mask, etc. We…
We use the spherical evolution approximation to investigate nonlinear evolution from the non-Gaussian initial conditions characteristic of the local f_nl model. We provide an analytic formula for the nonlinearly evolved probability distribution function of the dark matter which shows that the under-dense tail of the nonlinear PDF in the f_nl model should differ significantly from that for Gaussian initial conditions. Measurements of the under-dense tail in numerical simulations may be affected by discreteness effects, and we use a Poisson counting model to describe this effect. Once this has b…
